The Sociological Understanding Of Consumer Behaviour

Introduction Consumption is a universal process that we all take part in, regardless of class, status or gender. Understanding how consumption is made possible is a key sociological question. The concept and foundation of consumption can often simply be understood as an individual consumers’ buying behaviour process (Foxall, 1983). Limiting the concept of consumption to this finite understanding only hinders the plethora of symbolism and layers of meaning that can be analysed in contemporary consumer behaviour. Throughout this essay, I will analytically assess how consumption is made possible by focusing on the sociological understanding of consumer behaviour. I will do this by analysing three key areas. Firstly, I will discuss how products can hold a symbolic values that will allows consumers to create and sustain their self-identities. Secondly marketers will be shown to use this symbolism by employing emotional work and playing on brand identity in order to shape consumer behaviour. Finally, I will culminate the assessment by asserting how a consumers’ social and cultural consumption behaviour can be affected by ing behaviour. I will conclude by sustaining the argument that understanding consumption from a sociological perspective is significant as it provides a deeper understanding of contemporary consumer behaviour. The idea of symbolic consumption In understanding how products hold a symbolic value Mach (1993) asserts how the construction of aShow MoreRelatedConsumer behaviour theory is all fine and well, but has nothing to tell us about how consumers act in real life1037 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœConsumer behaviour theory is all fine and well, but has nothing to tell us about how consumers act in real life’ In the current state of understanding consumer behaviour attitudes are core concept in gaining knowledge of people’s personalities, behaviour and choices they make. In other words answering the question - â€Å"Why do people do what they do?† Along with beliefs and identity they are main factor impacting on individual’s life since everyday choices are made embracing a certain attitudeRead MoreThe Ground For Low Brand Trust Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesis the willingness of the average consumer to rely on the ability of the brand to perform its function stated, as defined by Chaudire and Holbrook (2001, p. 82) as cited in (accuracy, 2015). This essay follows Lohmann’s (1979) sociological theory of trust, which views trust as a function of experience and high perceived risk. As cited in (Yannopoulou, Koronis, and Elliott, 2011). Brand trust its self can be described simply as a promise in which the consumers choose to trust, and that makes theRead Mor eEssay on AirAsia Consumer Behaviour3333 Words   |  14 PagesPsychological drivers of Consumer Behaviour 2.1. Motivation 2.1.1. Hierarchy of needs 2.1.2. Means-end chain 2.2. Perception 2.3. Learning 2.3.1. Behavioural learning 2.3.2. Cognitive learning 2.3.3. Brand loyalty 2.4. Beliefs and Attitudes 2.5. Lifestyle 3.0. Sociological drivers of Consumer Behaviour 3.1. Personal influence 3.2. Reference groups 3.2.1. Membership group 3.2.2. Aspiration group 3.2.3. Dissociative group 3.3. The family 3.4. Social class 3.5. Culture 4.0. Consumer Decisions Making processRead MoreAudience Is A Term That Used To Describe A Large Group1602 Words   |  7 PagesAudience is a term that used to describe a large group of consumers who are usually united by their participation in the use of media. Mass media audience can be a person or a group of people who use or are attracted by a certain type of mass media such as newspapers, radio, TV, internet resources, etc. it can conclude both publics of a certain newspaper, radio channel, journal, website or even a single text of media (radio programme, TV programme, etc). As being part of the mass media system, theRead MoreConsumer Culture Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesConsumer culture is a fundamental part of many modern societies across the world, influencing a wide a range of areas from politics to economics and identity. Consumption is viewed as significantly powerful force in the economy and therefore understanding consumption and consumer culture is a vitally important resource both for the benefit of the economy and the individual. Consumer culture theory aims to understand the behaviours and attitudes of consumers from a sociological perspective, as opposedRead MoreThe Everyday Is Important For Sociological Research2197 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will argue that the setting of ‘the everyday’ is important for sociological research. Through its investigation it becomes evident how various types of social structures and institutions have an ability to influence behaviours and emotions of individuals. 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Pornification of the social world has become a significant mass media issueRead MoreStructure Of The Research: .Definition Of Brand Trust1494 Words   |  6 Pages Structure of the research: Definition of brand trust; Reasons for low brand trust in the marketing channels. What is brand misconduct according to the consumers? Brand equity’s and brand credibility’s role in building and maintaining brand trust; Negative publicity ; Reputational capital; Conclusion; Definition of brand trust: The human beings naturally seek fellows to trust, moreover the trust is the only bridge toward building any kind of relationship. The definition of trust, accordingRead MoreSociology and Deviance Essay2077 Words   |  9 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to show how this sociological perspective can assist in understanding drug taking in society. In the essay I will discuss the notion of deviance and will demonstrate that people do not become deviants on the strength of their behaviour alone, but by the sanctions of a society whose norms that the offender has deemed to have violated. I will examine approaches to deviance through biological, psychological and sociological methodologies and while the examination of theRead MoreEffect of Brand Image on Consumer Purchasing Behaviour on Clothing:1579 Words   |  7 PagesAlvarez, B. A Casielles, R. V. (2005). Consumer evaluations of sales promotion: The effect on brand choice. European Journal of Marketing , 39 (1), 54-70. Arnould, E., Price, L. Zinkhan, G. (2004). Consumers. New York: McGraw-Hill. Assael, H. Keon, J. (1982). Nonsampling vs sampling errors in survey research. Journal of Marketing, 46 (2), 114-123. Atilgan, E., Aksoy, S. Akinci, S. (2005). Determinants of the brand equity: A vertification approach in the beverage industry in Turkey

Risk of Entry by Potential Competitors in Fast Food Industry Free Essays

6. The common sense of principle that defines the generally observed relationship between demand, supply, and prices: as increases the price goes up, which attracts new suppliers who increase in supply bringing the price back tom normal. However, in the marketing of high price (prestige) goods, such as perfumes, jewellery, watches, Cars, Liquor, a low price may be associated with low quality, and may reduce demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk of Entry by Potential Competitors in Fast Food Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Demand is how much desire consumer have for de product or service is available . When demand is great and supply is low the price of a product or service increase when demand is low and supply is great . The price of a product or service decreases. The effect on price is the quantification of supply and demand. Demand in many instances is driven by disposable income and free time. Henry ford recognized this in increasing the wages of his workers and decreasing their work time. 8. Relationship between risk and return The relationship between risk and return is a fundamental financial relationship that affects expected rates of return on every existing asset investment. The Risk-Return relationship is characterized as being a â€Å"positive† or â€Å"direct† relationship meaning that if there are expectations of higher levels of risk associated with a particular investment then greater returns are required as compensation for that higher expected risk. Alternatively, if an investment has relatively lower levels of expected risk then investors are satisfied with relatively lower returns. This risk-return relationship holds for individual investors and business managers. Greater degrees of risk must be compensated for with greater returns on investment. Since investment returns reflects the degree of risk involved with the investment, investors need to be able to determine how much of a return is appropriate for a given level of risk. This process is referred to as â€Å"pricing the risk†. In order to price the risk, we must first be able to measure the risk (or quantify the risk) and then we must be able to decide an appropriate price for the risk we are being asked to bear. How to cite Risk of Entry by Potential Competitors in Fast Food Industry, Essays

Hotel Reformation Procedure for Maintenance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHotel Reformation Procedure for Maintenance. Answer: Introduction:- The variability of distribution of electronic media channels led to the new challenge of ownership of customer. Travellers have the option of search and book the hotel and boarding in social and electronic media (Murphy et al., 1996) now days. Customer satisfaction scale is crucial for sophisticated and extensive customer loyalty in the typically maintained hotel chains. Future success in the hotel sector would depend on the ownership, maintenance and improvement of customer associations through online direct channel. The Protea Hotel is popular Hotel in the perspective of Africa. The Hotel is losing its priority and expectancy day by day. Marriott Lusaka appoints me as new general manager of Protea Hotel. Now, I am trying to nullify the problems and adversities related to improvement of Protea Hotel. The strategic management of stressed hotel required to drive customers towards attractive opportunities (Jayawardena, 2000). Distribution of budget management of hotel implies having access to the proper systems, expertise, service budget and increasingly data management. The yield management is going to be my major concerning field of experiment. Historical Research and Target to Resolve of Problem:- As a new general manager of Protea hotel, I would check the register books of booking and servicing as well as evaluation output from the customers tabulated in the time period of last manager of hotel. I found many low-star ratings due to poor services. Major reasons are the technical and mechanical issues, unavailability of time-to-time services from the taxes, payment complexity and security problems. I would like to resolve the problem by strict reformation driven by data analysis. The sample survey in the face-to-face interview process in the target population (pilot survey) would help to take responses from the interviewees (Gil, Jimnez and Lorente, 2001). The responses would help to generate quantitative and qualitative variables and after analysing the data, decisions for reformation of hotel are made. Aim of Reform by Observation:- The aim of hotel management is mainly to improve the brand value of Protea hotel. It could be incorporated by aiming several issues. Formation guidance and coordination of different types of studies, knowledge and graduate studies is needed in the field of Food Management, Hotel Management, Catering skills and crafts. To raise the standards, growth, efficiency and overview of the hotel in public and online portals (Chung and Law, 2003). To gather, diffuse and disseminate statistical and commercial information, hampering the industry and travel agencies to take appropriate measure. To acquire, take-over and apply for the purposes and objects of the association of hotel management. To increase the safety of guests of the hotel. To obtain the maximum possible return on investment. To maximize the availability and reliability of all the assets and to extend the useful life of assets. To increase the operational efficiency of facilities and enhance the customer satisfaction. To ensure operational readiness of all mechanisms and equipments such as WiFi, lift, breakfast availability and luxury orientation such as TV, AC are required for emergency use all times. To save energy expenditure in terms of electric bill is necessary. Methods of Reform:- Hotel managers are responsible for managing employees and for policy making, planning, marketing, coordinating and administering hotel services such as catering and accommodation facilities (Worsfold, 1989). He or she maintains statistical and financial records as well as recruiting, training and monitoring staffs. Besides, manager has a valid role in meeting and greeting customer, dealing with customer complaints and comments, supervising maintenance, supplies, renovations and furnishings. The previous manager of Protea hotel was unable to deals with contractors and suppliers in a handy manner. Manager was not able to sort out the compliance with licensing laws, health, safety and other statutory regulations. Besides, he or she was not able to set and achieve sales and profit targets appropriately. Managers lack of performance made the popularity of hotel downfall. After joining the new hotel, I would like to collect the responses from customers, employees and staffs according to the questionnaire that I prepared for enhancement of the hotel. I skilfully would analyse the data and test the significant factors regarding hotel management strategies. I will take measures to improve the significant factors. Managing budgets and financial plans as well as controlling expenditure is essential for improvement of hotel. My focus would be towards regular inspection of property and services. After analysing sales figures and devising marketing and revenue management strategies, I would promote and market the business. Appropriate planning of work schedules for individuals and teams of hotel employees is beneficial for smooth run of events and conferences. Data Collection Process:- For gathering data, I am going to make a questionnaire and a small group of hotel staffs of strength 2 or 3. They would tabulate the responses delivered by customers, hotel employees and management authority. In the interview process, the data should be collected. Opinions of interviewees are perceived in the Likart scale where qualitative data responses about possible decision taking about reformation of the hotel are labelled from 1 to 5. It is the first interview part. The second part of the questionnaire process, the aim is to gain data about the demographic background of the respondents. The questions regarding customer service could be the determining factors behind reformation of Protea Hotel. The questions should be close-ended as much as possible. What is your commitment level with the service of hotel? What is your career prospect with the hotel? What is your economic social status? Are you happy with hotel service? Is the service provided by Protea hotel affordable? Is the commitment fulfilled in the hotel service? Is the technical and machinery facility good at hotel? Assumed Hypothesis:- Some hypotheses are established and would be tested in the study. H0: There is an association between customer satisfaction level and customer loyalty (Nasution and Mavondo, 2008). H0: There is no positive relationship between number of hotel staffs and hotel service quality. H0: There is no significant decision between stakeholders intervention and legal procedures of maintaining a reputed hotel. H0: There is a significant relation between social status of the customers and frequency of their yearly accommodation in the hotel. H0: There is a positive association between energy consumption and machinery-technical management in the hotel? Data Analysis:- The present study is a descriptive study designed to test some working hypothesis. Therefore, for analysis, ANOVA, Post Hoc test, coefficient of correlation, two independent sample tests (t-test) and multiple regressions were applied to the respective objectives (Johns, Howcroft and Drake, 1997). Frequencies and percentages were used to display the distribution of responses delivered by interviewee. Responses for closed-ended questions were reported by frequency and percentage. We could show the descriptive statistics of research objectives. ANOVAs were applied to detect the relationships and significant differences within the sample study. Additionally, pair wise comparisons were performed. We applied SPSS and MS Excel for results in the form of tables and graphs. Advantages of the Method:- Total responses of 140 interviewees were collected among which we have taken into amount of 115 complete responses. The rate of survey is as per expected. Work experience was deemed crucial by all recruiters, especially when the closely aligned with the companys hotel management segment. The interview guide helps to establish a behavioural guideline to the respondents. Interview method involves appearance, attitude and personality to focus their responses. Lodging representatives in the areas of communications, customer service and general operations knowledge are totally revealed in the interview process (Hwang and Chang, 2003). The issues related to staffs dissatisfaction is related to low compensation, lack of promotion and poor work conditions. We can sort out the factors regarding dissatisfaction by face-to-face interview method. The conclusions extracted from collected data in interview-process support customers and entry-level employees, promoting a positive first impression a nd overall successful experience. Conclusion The present study is conducted to determine the work development of Protea hotel driven by managerial aspect. Perception of hotel industry influences its renowned tag. The staffs professional attachment with the customers approves the clean chit of bad service. Appropriateness, content validity and software clarity suggested the success pilot testing by sample survey techniques. The analysed data and tested hypotheses interpret the significant factors regarding improvement of hotel. As a general manager, I should focus on these facts and take necessary measures of reformation. The descriptive statistics of time series data of hotel booking and services as registered in previous managers management period would help to pick up the lack of services and eliminate them. The optimization of profit and hotel revenue would make my strategy and planning fruitful. References Chung, T., Law, R. (2003). Developing a performance indicator for hotel websites.International journal of hospitality management,22(1), 119-125. Gil, M. A., Jimnez, J. B., Lorente, J. C. (2001). An analysis of environmental management, organizational context and performance of Spanish hotels.Omega,29(6), 457-471. Hwang, S. N., Chang, T. Y. (2003). Using data envelopment analysis to measure hotel managerial efficiency change in Taiwan.Tourism management,24(4), 357-369. Jayawardena, C. (2000). International hotel manager.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,12(1), 67-70. Johns, N., Howcroft, B., Drake, L. (1997). The use of data envelopment analysis to monitor hotel productivity.Progress in tourism and hospitality research,3(2), 119-127. Murphy, J., Forrest, E. J., Wotring, C. E., Brymer, R. A. (1996). Hotel management and marketing on the Internet: An analysis of sites and features.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,37(3), 70-82. Nasution, H. N., Mavondo, F. T. (2008). Customer value in the hotel industry: What managers believe they deliver and what customer experience.International Journal of Hospitality Management,27(2), 204-213. Worsfold, P. (1989). A personality profile of the hotel manager.International Journal of Hospitality Management,8(1), 51-62.

The Role of the Mirabal Sisters in the Attempts to Challenge the Patriarchy

Nowadays, it is not always possible to find a powerful book written by a modern writer who makes a decision to discuss the inequalities which bother people, human challenges, and inabilities to live in society with a strict political regime. However, the work by Julia Alvarez created in 1994 is one of the literary treasures that has to be considered by the reader as well as evaluated from a variety perspective.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Mirabal Sisters in the Attempts to Challenge the Patriarchy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While reading the book, a number of questions may appear in the reader’s mind, and one of the most captivating is all about the reasons of why young girls, the Mirabal sisters, decided to challenge the existing patriarchy at expense of their own freedoms, happiness, and lives. Alvarez’s In the Time of the Butterflies is considered to be a powerful educat ive novel about the events from the past which teach to become more confident in personal demands and desires; the image of the Mirabal sisters is characterized by the necessity to challenge the already set political regime and change the idea of the patriarchy in order to provide all citizens of the country, both women and men, with the equal rights and possibilities to organize their lives. Unfortunately, three of four sisters did not get the chance to enjoy the governmental improvements they strived for as they were terribly killed, and the story of the one survived sister Dede helps to understand true intentions which made the girls to challenge the regime. In the Time of the Butterflies is a novel those success is predetermined by several things: first, the story is based on true events which took place in the middle of the 20th century in the Dominican Republic; second, the story teaches people all the important human virtues which fulfill human lives; and, finally, the novel raises a variety of significant themes from gender roles to political strategies used to gain power. It is hard to discuss all the themes mentioned in the novel in one paper as each issue considered has its own impact on the reader as well as disclose a true nature of the character. There are many people involved in the story: the Mirabal sisters, Maria, Patria, and Minerva, the cruel dictator Rafael Trujillo, Enrique Mirabal, the father of the sisters, Dede, the second-oldest and the only surviving sister of the famous family, and others. The destiny of Dede seems to be forecasted by the father in the early ages. In the novel, Dede shares her story, experience, emotions, and lessons, and the key point of her life was the phrase said by her father: â€Å"Dede will bury us all in sink and pears† (Alvarez 307).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Her father’s predict ion had a significant power and pain that tracks Dede the whole life. With the help of Dede’s perspective, the events described in the story become more or less clear and coherent as she provides the reader with a chance to see and understand why her sisters wanted to change their lives, the current political regime, and the attitude to the minorities. One of the central themes of the novel is gender roles and the inability to change something in order to follow personal dreams and principles (Reichardt 9). The Mirabal sisters faced a serious challenge in their lives at the very beginning: their desires to get education, to develop their skills, and choose appropriate careers were hard to achieve as even their father was dependent on the ideas of male domination and female belonging to domestic affairs. Though Alvarez’s characters â€Å"are neither real women of fact nor mythic women of popular legend†, they are still â€Å"true to the spirit of liberty† (Shuman 35). The girls find it obligatory to resist a real regime, a real system called â€Å"patriarchy† in order to prove their worth, dignity, and ability to control their own lives. Unfortunately, the world they have to live in is not ready to accept the changes and consider the opinions of each citizen; this is why girls’ steps to destroy the boundaries of traditional female behavior lead them to death. Women rights have been always under hot discussion in different counties; the author admits that women of Dominican Republic were ready to change their lives, still, she fails to underline that to be ready does not mean to succeed. The already established and working system cannot be removed, and even more, it has to survive because not all people are ready to understand the necessity of changes. In fact, patriarchy is the system that has its roots in the past and cannot be eradicated because of the activities of several groups of people.Advertising We will wr ite a custom essay sample on The Role of the Mirabal Sisters in the Attempts to Challenge the Patriarchy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of the fact that the results of rebellions and fights against the existing system were not that successful for the Mirabal sisters, their motives and ideas remain to be considerable for society. The success of the story is the explanation of why young girls found it necessary to destroy the rules and conditions they were obliged to live under. Patria, Minerva, and Maria could not accept their roles as traditional women any longer. The girls understood that they could not get what they want but had to agree that â€Å"just what we need, skirts in the law!† (Alvarez 10). As soon as they realized that nothing could be done, they decided to achieve another goal in their lives and make all women â€Å"come out of the dark ages† (Alvarez 51). Women had to follow their husbands in an y way; still, women should be also able to consider their own interests but not use the idea of traditional female behavior as the only excuse of their inaction. However, the example of Dede life shows that the decision to avoid protests and illegal activities may lead to the feeling of guilt that cannot be neglected or forgotten. The girls from the Mirabal family chose their own ways to their happiness and self-improvement. They could not imagine their lives under the pressure of dictator. They made an attempt to declare their rights and show other people how it is possible to follow own dreams and have at least an independent mind and spirit. In general, Alvarez’s novel is a powerful stimulus for the reader to evaluate his/her own place in the world. The peculiar feature of the story is that it does not have a pure positive or negative attitude to the revolution and people’s sacrifices. This work helps to understand that any person has the right of choice: it is poss ible to have a free and bright still not too long life or to be dependent on the conditions and circumstances and live long without considering personal ideas but follow the others. People are free to choose and be responsible for their activities, and this book teaches the reader how important personal opinion should be. Works Cited Alvarez, Julia. In the time of the butterflies. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1994.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reichardt, Mary, R. Catholic women writers: A bio-bibliographical sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. Shuman, R. Baird. Great American writers: Twentieth century. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002. This essay on The Role of the Mirabal Sisters in the Attempts to Challenge the Patriarchy was written and submitted by user Giana Logan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom George Bush and his influence on History essay

buy custom George Bush and his influence on History essay George W. Bush is widely remembered as the 43rd president of the United States having served for two terms from 2001-2009. Bush was born on 6th July in New Haven, Connecticut and lived an interesting life that characterized his journey to the most powerful office on the planet. He is also considered as lucky for the fact that his father George H Bush was the 41st president of the United States. Their terms at the helm were separated by the two terms served by Bill Clinton from 1994-2001. Bush graduated from Yale University back in 1968 and went ahead to serve in different capacities before he eventually became president (Ivins Lou, 2000). He served as a pilot in the Texas National Guard and later enrolled in the Harvard School of business where he attained his MBA. He is actually the only American President to ever get an MBA, especially from such a reputable institution. He also worked in the gas and oil industry until the year 1986 when he got interested in politics and settled on campaigning for his father. He successfully campaigned for his father in a process that ensured George Bush senior was elected as the American president. After this achievement, Bush went to Texas where he successfully vied for the governors post in 1994 and 1998. Perhaps as a result of successful stints in politics, Bush declared that he was more than ripe to go for presidency (Ivins Lou, 2000). The first indicator of a possibility in attaining the presidency was embodied in his triumph during the republican nominations in the year 2000. Bush then chose Dick Cheney as his running mate and they arguably won against Al Gore and Joseph Lieberman, who represented the democrats. Everybody now remembers the election as one that was closely contested with controversial sideshows that characterized the scene. The outcome of the general election and that of the popular votes were totally different but nevertheless, Bush was announced as the elections winner. The electoral vote favored Bus h with a total of 271 against 267 for Al gore. He repeated the same feat four years down the line in the same controversial manner. One remarkable observation about Bush was the fact that his popularity was always on the decline given several contributing factors (Sufry Serf, 2003). The Iraqi War, the handling of the Katrina Disaster and the economic recession of 2008, were the main factors leading to popularity decline. Bush is also remembered for a closely knit family that consists of a wife and twin daughters. He got married to Laura Welch in 1977 after courting for a period of about three months. Together, they have twin daughters, Jenna and Barbara who were born in 1981. Jenna and Barbara both graduated in 2004, in the University of Texas and Yale respectively. Bush is also remembered for his participation in the organization of Texas Rangers professional baseball team. His participation served as a probable indicator of his worth in regard to issues of management and leadersh ip. The most outstanding incident during his tenure was perhaps the September 11 bombings of the twin towers in 2001. Osama bin Laden and his terror outfit the al-Qaeda, claimed responsibility for the bombing. Bush then declared war on terrorism and most of his policies were extremely controversial and subsequently caused more harm than good (Bush Bill, 2004). The whole situation was overshadowed by the Iraqi war, the war in Afghanistan against the Taliban, and the mistreating of prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib. In association with his closest ally and friend, Bush and Tony Blair, launched several attacks against Saddam Husseins government. Iraq was greatly suspected of having weapons of mass destruction in its possession. This led to Saddams ousting but the weapons were never found. A closer look at the prospects and policies designed by Bush indicates that he probably had the right intentions at the beginning but most of his designs were eventually hit by uncertainties . America certainly stands out as the most wealthy and influential country in the world in regard to very many aspects. It is regarded as the watchdog and caretaker of other nations, especially in the developing world. Due to these and many other positions, the country is therefore considered as a world superpower. From this angle we therefore conclude that being able to hold the highest office in terms of power and control, Bush made his first mark as an important figure in the society (Ivins Lou, 2000). He will thus be remembered for the fact that he ascended to the presidency at the beginning of the 21st century (Bush Bill, 2004). While in office, it is evident that Bush did implement or show the intention of achieving certain things that would transform the lives of Americans in many ways. The policies and issues he raised specifically touched on both positive and negative dimensions but were still significant. One of the factors that contribute to his acknowledgement is the mann er in which certain policies were affected. For instance, Bush was on the frontline in rooting for the acceptance of millions of illegal immigrants into the country. Traditions and constitutional approaches in the US have always been strict and previous leaders were particularly careful in tackling issues. Bushs character thus qualifies as daring in this case and he shall always be remembered for these feats. He argued that the law was not precisely clear on the issue of immigrants and reasonable measures ought to have been taken to save the lives of millions of people (Sufri Serf, 2003). He did not support amnesty for this group of people, but he acknowledged that America heavily relied on their services. The country witnessed the highest number of illegal entries in its history during Bushs first term in office. The issues culminated in the immigrant reform act that took effect in the year 2007 having been written by senators from both sides of the government. The aim was to impr ove the services of the National Guard at the Mexican border and to also provide avenue that would justify and authenticate the entry of immigrants into the country. Serious reforms were targeted including the revamping of the green card but the presidents intentions were however rubbished by the senate vote. He was again relentless and went for reforms that did not require serious executive considerations in the law. Another landmark activity that was emphasized during the Bush administration, was the attention accorded to educational matters and the general welfare of children. Bush clearly saw the need for balancing the educational abilities of those students perceived to be bright, and that of students believed to be somehow disadvantaged in certain ways. The initiative was dubbed No Child Left Behind and it generally received considerable support from both parties in government at the time. Apart from reducing the gap between the poor and rich students through the spectrum of p erformance, the bill targeted the empowerment of parents from poor backgrounds. The bill also recognized the need for additional funding especially for children in the disadvantaged category. The bill was eventually signed into law in the year 2002 despite heated debates and emerging controversies (Bush Bill, 2004). Bush also used his second term in office to bring the biggest reforms to the health care sector. His stipulations ensured that the welfare of a greater part of the population was given due consideration. The Medicare bill composed of measures that would facilitate easier acquisition of prescription drugs by the most vulnerable in the society. Older people and the children were generally targeted in this proposal. When the September 11 attacks took place in 2001, Bush had just occupied office for a few months. Obvious implications suggest that he was supposed to deal with the situation in the capacity of a president (Bush Bill, 2004). Thousands of Americans lost their lives and the consequences of terror were evidently looming in the entire nation. The terrorists had successfully instilled fear in the masses and the people were yearning for a considerable course of action. He was the first president to ever declare a massive war on terror in many years. Together with his closest ally the British Prime minister, Tony Blair, Bush declared a war on terror and immediately swung into action. He began by targeting several countries in the Middle East that were thought to be supportive of terrorists (Sufry Serf, 2003). Afghanistan and Iraq emerged as the major casualties of the Bush crusade against terror. He received significant support in the initial stages of his moves from Americans and the whole world in general. However, the same course of action was responsible for his decline in popularity after many people realized that his invasions were not justified. His plans were definitely ill-advised or they included making wrong choices with the right intention. The global war on terror nevertheless made its mark but eventually failed to materialize into tangible effects. For instance, he could not prove that Iraq actually had weapons of mass destruction after a long stint of invasions that resulted in several deaths in the country. Collin Luther Powell was born in 1937 in New York City and remains an influential figure in the US, in the field of politics and also as a writer (Oren, 2002). He served in different capacities in the US before finally being appointed as the secretary of state by President Bush. Among the positions he served in, was the prestigious military leadership that basically catapulted his recognition on the political scene. He achieved his MBA at the University of Washington after a previous stint of attaining education in public schools at primary levels. He is also remembered as being the one of the few black leaders who had an outstanding say in the Bush Administration. He is a firm leader who is always guided by principle and does not believe in pleasing people at the expense of public matters (Oren, 2002). His good reputation in politics and the military were however stained by his involvement in the Iraqi war. He supported Bushs war in Iraq but has since regretted his involvement since the war turned out to be worthless. As a matter of fact, he was very close to President Bush and took part in the passing of several policies. He is also regarded as a household name in the US just like his former boss. George Victor Voinovich was born in 1936 and served in different capacities before eventually serving as the senator for Ohio. He is currently retired and leaves behind a legacy that is worth the attention. He was born and bred in Cleveland where he also began his education. His father was a Serbian while his mother came from Slovenia. He obtained his Law degree at the University of Ohio and went on to become the mayor of Cleveland from 1981 to 1989. He is known for his strict opposition for certain policies that were put forward by President Bush. This is despite the fact that they all belonged to the Republican Party. Bush was actually born in Connecticut but his parents moved him to Texas at a very tender age. It is therefore appropriate to identify him with the background that is Texas since it then became his home for most of his life. Texas was first founded by Spanish missionaries in the 16th century under unclear social circumstances. Hostile natives and some form of isolation resulted in under population until the revolutionary war broke out. It was previously owned by the Mexican government but a series of wars and revolutions ensured that the US took it away from the Mexicans. By the time Americans took the state from Mexicans in1845, population had undergone significant explosion. The state consists of vast fertile lands in the densely populated regions of the coastal plains, and also mountains in the northwest. The fertility of the entire region is generally favorable for farming and ranching activities. As a matter of fact, this region is known to harbor very rich individuals who own t he ranches and big farms in the country state. The econoomy of the state is basically supported by farming and ranching activities. It is also evident that array of weather pattern do appear in Texas with the driest region being Trans-Pecos. Different precipitation levels in the regions soils also serve to ensure that the area gets a variety of vegetation. Basically, farming activities take place in fertile conditions. Bush operated in a historical setting of a place that is believed to be the land of opportunities. The US is the biggest country in the world in terms of economic, social, and other ventures, and other countries look up to it for inspiration. The country commands a big influence in world politics and offers financial assistance to other countries owing to its position in world economics. Americans also expect a whole lot of accountability from their leaders in order to ensure that their country is not led astray. Figure 1. A photo of former US president George W. Bush Bush had a great influence in the 20th century in terms of political matters and other related fields. He therefore remains popular amongst the masses in America and also in other parts of the world for the same reason. However, as stated earlier his presidency began on a high note and ended on a low note. The trend is certainly common with many leaders and influential figures in modern societies and this case was not an exception. The economic situation in the United States was brighter in the beginning but after only seven years as president, many aspects had undergone deterioration and destruction. The US had staged a worthy fight to become a world economic superpower by the end of the 20th century by toppling Britain from the position. But by the time the 21st century began, the Bush administration had probably messed up the whole situation. The country had engaged in the most expensive war with Iraq and everything was seemingly in shambles. The banking industry became exploitati ve and the president only sat and watched. The banks not only participated in predatory tactics of lending but they also included deceitful practices that left everybody in danger. The banks basically preyed on Americans but the president did not take make any effort to salvage the American people. The resultant issue was the loss of homes, and other properties or the threat of being victimized by such dimensions. The war also drove up the general cost of living in the US due to expensive nature and significant allotment of funds. The military was heavily funded at the expense of education, health care, social welfare and environmental concerns (Sufry Serf, 2003). Bush was fighting for a good cause in terms of eliminating weapons of mass destruction and stamping out terrorism by all means possible. He will be remembered for that fact and his desire to ensure that the world remained a safe place to stay for every American and nonAmerican. He chose to engage in a just war with the support of other countries. However, this war had negative implications on economical and social aspects of the US, and it serves as the focal point in unraveling major sources of concern in the whole situation. The costs of gas and food were on the rise at a tremendous speed and the Bush administration also had to increase many fees in the country to facilitate the war. Effects of the war and the evident economic downfall all had effects on the welfare of farmers, home builders, and industries. There was a mortgage crisis that reigned in the entire nation in the name of a shattered economy, illegal lending practices, and the Iraqi war. During the mortgage crisis, many American citizens lost their jobs. As a result unemployment rates were at a high and this served as a key indicator of an economic crisis. There were possible beneficiaries of the situation who threatened to rise in terms of the economy, like China, but the American situation was generally controlled. Social aspects in the country were also subject to some upheavals especially after the September 11 bombings in 2001. Fear loomed over the country and it took such a long time for things to go back to normal. Bush responded in the best way possible by putting in place laws that would salvage the situation. In this case, the department of homeland security was founded and reforms were also enforced on the bill of rights. He clearly had an intention of helping out the situation for the sake of all Americans. I believe that George W. Bush actually made a mark in world politics and his contribution should be recognized even though scrutiny is welcome. He rose to the highest occupation as a result of his deep ambitions and a visionary approach (Mitchell, 2000). This fact is supported by considering that he only took a short time to ascend to that position unlike other Presidents who take a longer route. He reached his zenith at a young age considering the fact that his term and that of his father were separated by President Clintons two terms (Bush Bill, 2004). In other words he became president a few years after his father. People might argue that his fathers influence had some role in his achievement but evident facts suggest otherwise. Bush employed uncanny tactics and experience gained from campaigning for his father in ensuring that he ascended to the helm. His achievements were however short lived and this gives me reason to believe that Bush never invested his intellectual ability in running the government. He was only driven by passion and belief but never had, or ignored the implications of intellectual ability. As a result he made many unwarranted choices that drove the country into the dangers of collapsing. The Iraqi war and the handling of terror suspects at Guantanamo Bay brought some great deal of bad blood for America in other countries. America was also driven into the biggest economic crisis since the great depression and this can be attributed to lack of intellectual ability that eventually led to the grave mismanagement of a nation. Buy custom George Bush and his influence on History essay

10 TED Talks to inspire teachers

10 TED Talks to inspire teachers Summer is on the way out, and the school year is underway. Everything is shiny and new. But if you’ve taught before, you know it’s not long until the gleam wears off and the grind of the school year sets in. These 10 Ted Talks from teachers who are changing the world around them will inspire you long after September has passed. Watch when you’re feeling burned out, and know that you, too, have a personal hand in molding the lives of the kids you see every day.1. Rita F. Pierson: â€Å"Every Kid Needs a Champion†Pierson has been a teacher for the past 40 years. Her bottom line: you have to connect with your students on a human, personal level. Her response to a colleague who said he wasn’t paid to like the kids? The kids can tell.2. Linda Cliatt-Wayman: â€Å"How to Fix a Broken School†Her answer to this question? â€Å"Lead fearlessly, love hard.† This principal of a once-failing North Philadelphia school has a lot to say about the com plexities of running â€Å"low performing and persistently dangerous† schools and how a true love of the students is the only foundation for any change.3. Sakena Yacoobi: â€Å"How I stopped the Taliban from shutting down my school†The Taliban shut down every girls’ school in Afghanistan. Yacoobi set up new ones- secret schools to educate thousands of girls and boys. This inspirational talk shows just what a teacher is capable of in the face of terrifying obstacles.4. Nadia Lopez: â€Å"Why open a school? To close a prison.†Lopez is the founder of Mott Hall Bridges Academy in Brownsville, Brooklyn- one of the most violent and underserved neighborhoods of New York City. Here, she talks about finding out what each child is capable of and how they can plan for a bright future.5. Christopher Emdin: â€Å"Teach teachers how to create magic†Emdin’s focus is making learning come alive. Whatever gets a kid interested and engaged allows you to teach- anything from rap songs to barbershop banter to church sermons. He’s also the founder of Science Genius B.A.T.T.L.E.S. with GZA of the Wu-Tang Clan.6. Ramsey Musallam: â€Å"3 rules to spark learning†Musallam was jarred awake after 10 years of what he calls â€Å"pseudo teaching† by surgery and the surgeon who saved his life. Here, he talks about the three principles he used to turn his classroom around.7. Fawn Qiu: â€Å"Easy DIY projects for kid engineers†Trying to figure out how to get kids into STEM? Qiu’s practical advice gives great ideas to teachers hoping to find low-cost, innovative ideas for projects for students of all levels to get them excited by STEM fields.8. Reshma Saujani: â€Å"Teach girls bravery, not perfection†Girls are often socialized to be perfect- and not just that, but to meet impossible standards of perfection. If they feel they can’t live up to these impossible ideals, they’ll often give up. Saujani wants to teach girls to respond to challenges with bravery and confidence.9. Eduardo Briceà ±o: â€Å"How to get better at the things you care about†No matter how much you want to be good at something, there will always come a time when your work will stagnate, no matter how persistently you’re working. These times require a bit of extra determination. Briceà ±o also offers up a strategy- alternating between learning and performance modes- to keep things fresh and forward moving.10. Stephen Ritz: â€Å"A teacher growing green in the South Bronx†A tree grows in the Bronx? Ritz focuses on urban landscaping and agricultural projects that help his students learn new skills effortlessly while improving an underserved community’s access to nutritious food. He’ll help you learn how to think outside the box. Prepare to be inspired.

The Future of Nursing in an Evolving Health Care System Essay - 1

The Future of Nursing in an Evolving Health Care System - Essay Example Nurses are effective in pushing for these agendas because they are in a position to focus on the background of a patient. Nurses can offer recommendations that are evidence based to their patients. These recommendations motivate individuals to adjust their lifestyle and behavior changes to avoid getting sick. Nurses are also trained in behavioral and clinical sciences which means that they are capable of providing support self-care and self-management training (Olshansky, 2009). For the healthcare reform to shift focus to prevention and wellness, nurses need to teach the public on simple and low-cost strategies that can assist them in preventing diseases. Some of these strategies include engaging in physical activity, practicing deep breathing and laughing and also practicing meditation. These techniques are simple and lead towards behavioral change. The health reform centers on creating a patient-centered structure. This structure will foster personal health and self-care in patients. The reform will also engage the support of health workers such as nurses to ensure that the entire community to be served inputs by following the strategies laid out to them by the health workers (Mitchell,

STD Education Campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STD Education Campaign - Case Study Example 4. Public education: The campaign should be able to teach the students how transmission of STDs occurs and the potential preventive measures. The campaign should also teach the students the importance of knowing ones HIV status. Hygiene should also be part of the teaching during sexual activities (Aral, Fenton, & Lipshutz, 2013). 5. Promoting openness: Most of the people that have contracted STDs feel shy to seek doctors’ help. The campaign team should make the students understand that keeping STD as a secret is risky to an individual’s life. They should be encouraged to seek a doctor’s help as soon as they realize some of the symptoms. By doing that cure would be easier than waiting for the disease to worsen. 6. STD patients care: During the campaign‚, the students should accomplish services such as STD, HIV and pregnancy test. The campaign team should advance health care to STD, HIV and Pregnant patients. Moreover, the team should provide the patients with medicine to fasten the healing process and preventive process. 7. Motivating the students; Notably, students would always appreciate and remain motivated when given gifts. For a student, issuance of a participation certificate could be the most precious thing in the campaign. The certificate would assist them remember the teachings about STD and act as a professional

Why Literature Essay Example for Free

Why Literature Essay It has often happened to me, at book fairs or in bookstores, that a gentleman approaches me and asks me for a signature. It is for my wife, my young daughter, or my mother, he explains. She is a great reader and loves literature. Immediately I ask: And what about you? Dont you like to read? The answer is almost always the same: Of course I like to read, but I am a very busy person. I have heard this explanation dozens of times: this man and many thousands of men like him have so many important things to do, so many obligations, so many responsibilities in life, that they cannot waste their precious time buried in a novel, a book of poetry, or a literary essay for hours and hours. According to this widespread conception, literature is a dispensable activity, no doubt lofty and useful for cultivating sensitivity and good manners, but essentially an entertainment, an adornment that only people with time for recreation can afford. It is something to fit in between sports, the movies, a game of bridge or chess; and it can be sacrificed without scruple when one prioritizes the tasks and the duties that are indispensable in the struggle of life. It seems clear that literature has become more and more a female activity. In bookstores, at conferences or public readings by writers, and even in university departments dedicated to the humanities, the women clearly outnumber the men. The explanation traditionally given is that middle-class women read more because they work fewer hours than men, and so many of them feel that they can justify more easily than men the time that they devote to fantasy and illusion. I am somewhat allergic to explanations that divide men and women into frozen categories and attribute to each sex its characteristic virtues and shortcomings; but there is no doubt that there are fewer and fewer readers of literature, and that among the saving remnant of readers women predominate. This is the case almost everywhere. In Spain, for example, a recent survey organized by the General Society of Spanish Writers revealed that half of that countrys population has never read a book. The survey also revealed that in the minority that does read, the number of women who admitted to reading surpasses the number of men by 6. 2 percent, a difference that appears to be increasing. I am happy for these women, but I feel sorry for these men, and for the millions of human beings who could read but have decided not to read. They earn my pity not only because they are unaware of the pleasure that they are missing, but also because I am convinced that a society without literature, or a society in which literature has been relegatedlike some hidden viceto the margins of social and personal life, and transformed into something like a sectarian cult, is a society condemned to become spiritually barbaric, and even to jeopardize its freedom. I wish to offer a few arguments against the idea of literature as a luxury pastime, and in favor of viewing it as one of the most primary and necessary undertakings of the mind, an irreplaceable activity for the formation of citizens in a modern and democratic society, a society of free individuals. |[pic] | e live in the era of the specialization of knowledge, thanks to the prodigious development of science and technology and to the consequent fragmentation of knowledge into innumerable parcels and compartments. This cultural trend is, if anything, likely to be accentuated in years to come. To be sure, specialization brings many benefits. It allows for deeper exploration and greater experimentation; it is the very engine of progress. Yet it also has negative consequences, for it eliminates those common intellectual and cultural traits that permit men and women to co-exist, to communicate, to feel a sense of solidarity. Specialization leads to a lack of social understanding, to the division of human beings into ghettos of technicians and specialists. The specialization of knowledge requires specialized languages and increasingly arcane codes, as information becomes more and more specific and compartmentalized. This is the particularism and the division against which an old proverb warned us: do not focus too much on the branch or the leaf, lest you forget that they are part of a tree, or too much on the tree, lest you forget that it is part of a forest. Awareness of the existence of the forest creates the feeling of generality, the feeling of belonging, that binds society together and prevents it from disintegrating into a myriad of solipsistic particularities. The solipsism of nations and individuals produces paranoia and delirium, distortions of reality that generate hatred, wars, and even genocide. In our time, science and technology cannot play an integrating role, precisely because of the infinite richness of knowledge and the speed of its evolution, which have led to specialization and its obscurities. But literature has been, and will continue to be, as long as it exists, one of the common denominators of human experience through which human beings may recognize themselves and converse with each other, no matter how different their professions, their life plans, their geographical and cultural locations, their personal circumstances. It has enabled individuals, in all the particularities of their lives, to transcend history: as readers of Cervantes, Shakespeare, Dante, and Tolstoy, we understand each other across space and time, and we feel ourselves to be members of the same species because, in the works that these writers created, we learn what we share as human beings, what remains common in all of us under the broad range of differences that separate us. Nothing better protects a human being against the stupidity of prejudice, racism, religious or political sectarianism, and exclusivist nationalism than this truth that invariably appears in great literature: that men and women of all nations and places are essentially equal, and that only injustice sows among them discrimination, fear, and exploitation. Nothing teaches us better than literature to see, in ethnic and cultural differences, the richness of the human patrimony, and to prize those differences as a manifestation of humanitys multi-faceted creativity. Reading good literature is an experience of pleasure, of course; but it is also an experience of learning what and how we are, in our human integrity and our human imperfection, with our actions, our dreams, and our ghosts, alone and in relationships that link us to others, in our public image and in the secret recesses of our consciousness. |[pic| |] | his complex sum of contradictory truthsas Isaiah Berlin called themconstitutes the very substance of the human condition. In todays world, this totalizing and living knowledge of a human being may be found only in literature. Not even the other branches of the humanitiesnot philosophy, history, or the arts, and certainly not the social scienceshave been able to preserve this integrating vision, this universalizing discourse. The humanities, too, have succumbed to the cancerous division and subdivision of knowledge, isolating themselves in increasingly segmented and technical sectors whose ideas and vocabularies lie beyond the reach of the common woman and man. Some critics and theorists would even like to change literature into a science. But this will never happen, because fiction does not exist to investigate only a single precinct of experience. It exists to enrich through the imagination the entirety of human life, which cannot be dismembered, disarticulated, or reduced to a series of schemas or formulas without disappearing. This is the meaning of Prousts observation that real life, at last enlightened and revealed, the only life fully lived, is literature. He was not exaggerating, nor was he expressing only his love for his own vocation. He was advancing the particular proposition that as a result of literature life is better understood and better lived; and that living life more fully necessitates living it and sharing it with others. The brotherly link that literature establishes among human beings, compelling them to enter into dialogue and making them conscious of a common origin and a common goal, transcends all temporal barriers. Literature transports us into the past and links us to those who in bygone eras plotted, enjoyed, and dreamed through those texts that have come down to us, texts that now allow us also to enjoy and to dream. This feeling of membership in the collective human experience across time and space is the highest achievement of culture, and nothing contributes more to its renewal in every generation than literature. |[| |p| |i| |c| |]| t always irritated Borges when he was asked, What is the use of literature? It seemed to him a stupid question, to which he would reply: No one would ask what is the use of a canarys song or a beautiful sunset. If such beautiful things exist, and if, thanks to them, life is even for an instant less ugly and less sad, is it not petty to seek practical justifications? But the question is a good one. For novels and poems are not like the sound of birdsong or the spectacle of the sun sinking into the horizon, because they were not created by chance or by nature. They are human creations, and it is therefore legitimate to ask how and why they came into the world, and what is their purpose, and why they have lasted so long. Literary works are born, as shapeless ghosts, in the intimacy of a writers consciousness, projected into it by the combined strength of the unconscious, and the writers sensitivity to the world around him, and the writers emotions; and it is these things to which the poet or the narrator, in a struggle with words, gradually gives form, body, movement, rhythm, harmony, and life. An artificial life, to be sure, a life imagined, a life made of languageyet men and women seek out this artificial life, some frequently, others sporadically, because real life falls short for them, and is incapable of offering them what they want. Literature does not begin to exist through the work of a single individual. It exists only when it is adopted by others and becomes a part of social lifewhen it becomes, thanks to reading, a shared experience. One of its first beneficial effects takes place at the level of language. A community without a written literature expresses itself with less precision, with less richness of nuance, and with less clarity than a community whose principal instrument of communication, the word, has been cultivated and perfected by means of literary texts. A humanity without reading. untouched by literature, would resemble a community of deaf-mutes and aphasics, afflicted by tremendous problems of communication due to its crude and rudimentary language. This is true for individuals, too. A person who does not read, or reads little, or reads only trash, is a person with an impediment: he can speak much but he will say little, because his vocabulary is deficient in the means for self-expression. This is not only a verbal limitation. It represents also a limitation in intellect and in imagination. It is a poverty of thought, for the simple reason that ideas, the concepts through which we grasp the secrets of our condition, do not exist apart from words. We learn how to speak correctlyand deeply, rigorously, and subtlyfrom good literature, and only from good literature. No other discipline or branch of the arts can substitute for literature in crafting the language that people need to communicate. To speak well, to have at ones disposal a rich and diverse language, to be able to find the appropriate expression for every idea and every emotion that we want to communicate, is to be better prepared to think, to teach, to learn, to converse, and also to fantasize, to dream, to feel. In a surreptitious way, words reverberate in all our actions, even in those actions that seem far removed from language. And as language evolved, thanks to literature, and reached high levels of refinement and manners, it increased the possibility of human enjoyment. Literature has even served to confer upon love and desire and the sexual act itself the status of artistic creation. Without literature, eroticism would not exist. Love and pleasure would be poorer, they would lack delicacy and exquisiteness, they would fail to attain to the intensity that literary fantasy offers. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that a couple who have read Garcilaso, Petrarch, Gongora, or Baudelaire value pleasure and experience pleasure more than illiterate people who have been made into idiots by televisions soap operas. In an illiterate world, love and desire would be no different from what satisfies animals, nor would they transcend the crude fulfillment of elementary instincts. Nor are the audiovisual media equipped to replace literature in this task of teaching human beings to use with assurance and with skill the extraordinarily rich possibilities that language encompasses. On the contrary, the audiovisual media tend to relegate words to a secondary level with respect to images, which are the primordial language of these media, and to constrain language to its oral expression, to its indispensable minimum, far from its written dimension. To define a film or a television program as literary is an elegant way of saying that it is boring. For this reason, literary programs on the radio or on television rarely capture the public. So far as I know, the only exception to this rule was Bernard Pivots program, Apostrophes, in France. And this leads me to think that not only is literature indispensable for a full knowledge and a full mastery of language, but its fate is linked also and indissolubly with the fate of the book, that industrial product that many are now declaring obsolete. |[pic| |] | his brings me to Bill Gates. He was in Madrid not long ago and visited the Royal Spanish Academy, which has embarked upon a joint venture with Microsoft. Among other things, Gates assured the members of the Academy that he would personally guarantee that the letter - would never be removed  from computer softwarea promise that allowed four hundred million Spanish speakers on five continents to breathe a sigh of relief, since the banishment of such an essential letter from cyberspace would have created monumental problems. Immediately after making his amiable concession to the Spanish language, however, Gates, before even leaving the premises of the Academy, avowed in a press conference that he expected to accomplish his highest goal before he died. That goal, he explained, is to put an end to paper and then to books. In his judgment, books are anachronistic objects. Gates argued that computer screens are able to replace paper in all the functions that paper has heretofore assumed. He also insisted that, in addition to being less onerous, computers take up less space, and are more easily transportable; and also that the transmission of news and literature by these electronic media, instead of by newspapers and books, will have the ecological advantage of stopping the destruction of forests, a cataclysm that is a consequence of the paper industry. People will continue to read, Gates assured his listeners, but they will read on computer screens, and consequently there will be more chlorophyll in the environment. I was not present at Gatess little discourse; I learned these details from the press. Had I been there I would have booed Gates for proclaiming shamelessly his intention to send me and my colleagues, the writers of books, directly to the unemployment line. And I would have vigorously disputed his analysis. Can the screen really replace the book in all its aspects? I am not so certain. I am fully aware of the enormous revolution that new technologies such as the Internet have caused in the fields of communication and the sharing of information, and I confess that the Internet provides invaluable help to me every day in my work; but my gratitude for these extraordinary conveniences does not imply a belief that the electronic screen can replace paper, or that reading on a computer can stand in for literary reading. That is a chasm that I cannot cross. I cannot accept the idea that a non-functional or non-pragmatic act of reading, one that seeks neither information nor a useful and immediate communication, can integrate on a computer screen the dreams and the pleasures of words with the same sensation of intimacy, the same mental concentration and spiritual isolation, that may be achieved by the act of reading a book. Perhaps this a prejudice resulting from lack of practice, and from a long association of  literature with books and paper. But even though I enjoy surfing the Web in search of world news, I would never go to the screen to read a poem by Gongora or a novel by Onetti or an essay by Paz, because I am certain that the effect of such a reading would not be the same. I am convinced, although I cannot prove it, that with the disappearance of the book, literature would suffer a serious blow, even a mortal one. The term literature would not disappear, of course. Yet it would almost certainly be used to denote a type of text as distant from what we understand as literature today as soap operas are from the tragedies of Sophocles and Shakespeare. |[pic| |] | here is still another reason to grant literature an important place in the life of nations. Without it, the critical mind, which is the real engine of historical change and the best protector of liberty, would suffer an irreparable loss. This is because all good literature is radical, and poses radical questions about the world in which we live. In all great literary texts, often without their authors intending it, a seditious inclination is present. Literature says nothing to those human beings who are satisfied with their lot, who are content with life as they now live it. Literature is the food of the rebellious spirit, the promulgator of non-conformities, the refuge for those who have too much or too little in life. One seeks sanctuary in literature so as not to be unhappy and so as not to be incomplete. To ride alongside the scrawny Rocinante and the confused Knight on the fields of La Mancha, to sail the seas on the back of a whale with Captain Ahab, to drink arsenic with Emma Bovary, to become an insect with Gregor Samsa: these are all ways that we have invented to divest ourselves of the wrongs and the impositions of this unjust life, a life that forces us always to be the same person when we wish to be many different people, so as to satisfy the many desires that possess us. Literature pacifies this vital dissatisfaction only momentarilybut in this miraculous instant, in this provisional suspension of life, literary illusion lifts and transports us outside of history, and we become citizens of a timeless land, and in this way immortal. We become more intense, richer, more complicated, happier, and more lucid than we are in the constrained routine of ordinary life. When we close the book and abandon literary fiction, we return to actual existence and compare it to the splendid land that we have just left. What a disappointment awaits us! Yet a tremendous realization also awaits us, namely, that the fantasized life of the novel is bettermore beautiful and more diverse, more comprehensible and more perfectthan the life that we live while awake, a life conditioned by the limits and the tedium of our condition. In this way, good literature, genuine literature, is always subversive, unsubmissive, rebellious: a challenge to what exists. How could we not feel cheated after reading War and Peace or Remembrance of Things Past and returning to our world of insignificant details, of boundaries and prohibitions that lie in wait everywhere and, with each step, corrupt our illusions? Even more than the need to sustain the continuity of culture and to enrich language, the greatest contribution of literature to human progress is perhaps to remind us (without intending to, in the majority of cases) that the world is badly made; and that those who pretend to the contrary, the powerful and the lucky, are lying; and that the world can be improved, and made more like the worlds that our imagination and our language are able to create. A free and democratic society must have responsible and critical citizens conscious of the need continuously to examine the world that we inhabit and to try, even though it is more and more an impossible task, to make it more closely resemble the world that we would like to inhabit. And there is no better means of fomenting dissatisfaction with existence than the reading of good literature; no better means of forming critical and independent citizens who will not be manipulated by those who govern them, and who are endowed with a permanent spiritual mobility and a vibrant imagination. Still, to call literature seditious because it sensitizes a readers consciousness to the imperfections of the world does not meanas churches and governments seem to think it means when they establish censorshipthat literary texts will provoke immediate social upheavals or accelerate revolutions. The social and political effects of a poem, a play, or a novel cannot be foreseen, because they are not collectively made or collectively experienced. They are created by individuals and they are read by individuals, who vary enormously in the conclusions that they draw from their writing and their reading. For this reason, it is difficult, or even impossible, to establish precise patterns. Moreover, the social consequences of a work of literature may have little to do with its aesthetic quality. A mediocre novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe seems to have played a decisive role in raising social and political consciousness of the horrors of slavery in the United States. The fact that these effects of literature are difficult to identify does not imply that they do not exist. The important point is that they are effects brought about by the actions of citizens whose personalities have been formed in part by books. Good literature, while temporarily relieving human dissatisfaction, actually increases it, by developing a critical and non-conformist attitude toward life. It might even be said that literature makes human beings more likely to be unhappy. To live dissatisfied, and at war with existence, is to seek things that may not be there, to condemn oneself to fight futile battles, like the battles that Colonel Aureliano Buenda fought in One Hundred Years of Solitude, knowing full well that he would lose them all. All this may be true. Yet it is also true that without rebellion against the mediocrity and the squalor of life, we would still live in a primitive state, and history would have stopped. The autonomous individual would not have been created, science and technology would not have progressed, human rights would not have been recognized, freedom would not have existed. All these things are born of unhappiness, of acts of defiance against a life perceived as insufficient or intolerable. For this spirit that scorns life as it isand searches with the madness of Don Quixote, whose insanity derived from the reading of chivalric novelsliterature has served as a great spur. |[pi| |c] | et us attempt a fantastic historical reconstruction. Let us imagine a world without literature, a humanity that has not read poems or novels. In this kind of atrophied civilization, with its puny lexicon in which groans and ape-like gesticulations would prevail over words, certain adjectives would not exist. Those adjectives include: quixotic, Kafkaesque, Rabelaisian, Orwellian, sadistic, and masochistic, all terms of literary origin. To be sure, we would still have insane people, and victims of paranoia and persecution complexes, and people with uncommon appetites and outrageous excesses, and bipeds who enjoy inflicting or receiving pain. But we would not have learned to see, behind these extremes of behavior that are prohibited by the norms of our culture, essential characteristics of the human condition. We would not have discovered our own traits, as only the talents of Cervantes, Kafka, Rabelais, Orwell, de Sade, and Sacher-Masoch have revealed them to us. When the novel Don Quixote de la Mancha appeared, its first readers made fun of this extravagant dreamer, as well as the rest of the characters in the novel. Today we know that the insistence of the caballero de la triste figura on seeing giants where there were windmills, and on acting in his seemingly absurd way, is really the highest form of generosity, and a means of protest against the misery of this world in the hope of changing it. Our very notions of the ideal, and of idealism, so redolent with a positive moral connotation, would not be what they are, would not be clear and respected values, had they not been incarnated in the protagonist of a novel through the persuasive force of Cervantess genius. The same can be said of that small and pragmatic female Quixote, Emma Bovary, who fought with ardor to live the splendid life of passion and luxury that she came to know through novels. Like a butterfly, she came too close to the flame and was burned in the fire. |[pic| |] | he inventions of all great literary creators open our eyes to unknown aspects of our own condition. They enable us to explore and to understand more fully the common human abyss. When we say Borgesian, the word immediately conjures up the separation of our minds from the rational order of reality and the entry into a fantastic universe, a rigorous and elegant mental construction, almost always labyrinthine and arcane, and riddled with literary references and allusions, whose singularities are not foreign to us because in them we recognize hidden desires and intimate truths of our own personality that took shape only thanks to the literary creation of Jorge Luis Borges. The word Kafkaesque comes to mind, like the focus mechanism of those old cameras with their accordion arms, every time we feel threatened, as defenseless individuals, by the oppressive machines of power that have caused so much pain and injustice in the modern worldthe authoritarian regimes, the vertical parties, the intolerant churches, the asphyxiating bureaucrats. Without the short stories and the novels of that tormented Jew from Prague who wrote in German and lived always on the lookout, we would not have been able to understand the impotent feeling of the isolated individual, or the terror of persecuted and discriminated minorities, confronted with the all-embracing powers that can smash them and eliminate them without the henchmen even showing their faces. The adjective Orwellian, first cousin of Kafkaesque, gives a voice to the terrible anguish, the sensation of extreme absurdity, that was generated by totalitarian dictatorships of the twentieth century, the most sophisticated, cruel, and absolute dictatorships in history, in their control of the actions and the psyches of the members of a society. In 1984, George Orwell described in cold and haunting shades a humanity subjugated to Big Brother, an absolute lord who, through an efficient combination of terror and technology, eliminated liberty, spontaneity, and equality, and transformed society into a beehive of automatons. In this nightmarish world, language also obeys power, and has been transformed into newspeak, purified of all invention and all subjectivity, metamorphosed into a string of platitudes that ensure the individuals slavery to the system. It is true that the sinister prophecy of 1984 did not come to pass, and totalitarian communism in the Soviet Union went the way of totalitarian fascism in Germany and elsewhere; and soon thereafter it began to deteriorate also in China, and in anachronistic Cuba and North Korea. But the danger is never completely dispelled, and the word Orwellian continues to describe the danger, and to help us to understand it. |[pic| |] | o literatures unrealities, literatures lies, are also a precious vehicle for the knowledge of the most hidden of human realities. The truths that it reveals are not always flattering; and sometimes the image of ourselves that emerges in the mirror of novels and poems is the image of a monster. This happens when we read about the horrendous sexual butchery fantasized by de Sade, or the dark lacerations and brutal sacrifices that fill the cursed books of Sacher-Masoch and Bataille. At times the spectacle is so offensive and ferocious that it becomes irresistible. Yet the worst in these pages is not the blood, the humiliation, the abject love of torture; the worst is the discovery that this violence and this excess are not foreign to us, that they are a profound part of humanity. These monsters eager for transgression are hidden in the most intimate recesses of our being; and from the shadow where they live they seek a propitious occasion to manifest themselves, to impose the rule of unbridled desire that destroys rationality, community, and even existence. And it was not science that first ventured into these tenebrous places in the human mind, and discovered the destructive and the self-destructive potential that also shapes it. It was literature that made this discovery. A world without literature would be partly blind to these terrible depths, which we urgently need to see. Uncivilized, barbarian, devoid of sensitivity and crude of speech, ignorant and instinctual, inept at passion and crude at love, this world without literature, this nightmare that I am delineating, would have as its principal traits conformism and the universal submission of humankind to power. In this sense, it would also be a purely animalistic world. Basic instincts would determine the daily practices of a life characterized by the struggle for survival, and the fear of the unknown, and the satisfaction of physical necessities. There would be no place for the spirit. In this world, moreover, the crushing monotony of living would be accompanied by the sinister shadow of pessimism, the feeling that human life is what it had to be and that it will always be thus, and that no one and nothing can change it. When one imagines such a world, one is tempted to picture primitives in loincloths, the small magic-religious communities that live at the margins of modernity in Latin America, Oceania, and Africa. But I have a different failure in mind. The nightmare that I am warning about is the result not of under-development but of over-development. As a consequence of technology and our subservience to it, we may imagine a future society full of computer screens and speakers, and without books, or a society in which booksthat is, works of literaturehave become what alchemy became in the era of physics: an archaic curiosity, practiced in the catacombs of the media civilization by a neurotic minority. I am afraid that this cybernetic world, in spite of its prosperity and its power, its high standard of living and its scientific achievement would be profoundly uncivilized and utterly soullessa resigned humanity of post-literary automatons who have abdicated freedom. It is highly improbable, of course, that this macabre utopia will ever come about. The end of our story, the end of history, has not yet been written, and it is not pre-determined. What we will become depends entirely on our vision and our will. But if we wish to avoid the impoverishment of our imagination, and the disappearance of the precious dissatisfaction that refines our sensibility and teaches us to speak with eloquence and rigor, and the weakening of our freedom, then we must act. More precisely, we must read. MARIO VARGAS LLOSAs new book, The Feast of the Goat, will be published by Farrar, Straus Giroux in November. He is professor of Ibero-American Literature and Culture at Georgetown University.

Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Essay -- Church State Argumen

In cases having to do with constitutionality, the issue of the separation of church and state arises with marked frequency. This battle, which has raged since the nation?s founding, touches the very heart of the United States public, and pits two of the country's most important influences of public opinion against one another. Although some material containing religious content has found its way into many of the nation's public schools, its inclusion stems from its contextual and historical importance, which is heavily supported by material evidence and documentation. It often results from a teacher?s own decision, rather than from a decision handed down from above by a higher power. The proposal of the Dover Area School District to include instruction of intelligent design in biology classes violates the United States Constitution by promoting an excessive religious presence in public schools. The Dover Area School District of Dover, Pennsylvania is seeking approval from the General Assembly of Pennsylvania House to include the theory of intelligent design in the instruction of biology. Intelligent design, also known as I.D., is a theory that seeks to refute the widely-accepted and scientifically-supported evolution theory. It proposes that the complexity of living things and all of their functioning parts hints at the role of an unspecified source of intelligence in their creation (Orr). For all intents and purposes, the evidence cited by I.D. supporters consists only of the holes or missing links in evolutionary theory; it is a widely-debate proposal, not because ?of the significant weight of its evidence,? but because ?of the implications of its evidence? (IDnet). House Bill No. 1007?the bill in question?propos... ...20Biology%20Curriculum--011005.pdf ?Dover Area School District Biology I Planned Instruction/ Curriculum Guide.? Dover Area School District. http://www.dover.k12.pa.us/3598_7352811954/lib/3598_7352811954/Biology%20Curriculum.pdf ?Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578.? Pepperdine University School of Public Policy. 1987. http://publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu/academics/faculty/lloyd/projects/conlaw/ed_v_ag.htm ?House Bill No.1007.? The General Assembly of Pennsylvania. 2005. http://www2.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/BI/BT/2005/0/HB1007P1153.pdf ?Lemon v. Kurtzmann 403 U.S. 602.? FindLaw for Legal Professionals. 1971. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=403&invol=602 ?Walz v. Tax Commission of City of New York, 397 U.S. 664.? FindLaw for Legal Professionals. 1970. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=397&invol=664

How far do you agree that the death of Lennie is inevitable? Essay

There are many factors, throughout the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† that lead to the death of Lennie. These factors also lead to how the book is structured. The objective of John Steinbeck, who wrote this book, was to convey fragility of life in the 1930’s in the area of Salinas. The Scottish poet Robbie Burns wrote a poem including the line â€Å"The best laid plans of mice and men / Gang aft a-gley†. This poem is about a mouse, whose home is ruined by a farmer ploughing a field. The mouse then dies over the winter, having no protection. This is a literary allusion, as Burn’s mouse parallels George and Lennie’s dream, which inevitably will never be achieved. This also reflects Lennie’s life, as inevitably, he will die, and this is also implied through details and events throughout the novella, such as through the death of Curley’s dog. There are also numerous factors that lead to Lennie’s death within the plot. The writer presents Lennie as a character in the novel who is colossal and is physically strong but as seen mentally he is totally opposite. In the novel, he appears to be immature and infantile; â€Å"He heard Lennie’s whimpering cry and wheeled about. ‘Blubberin’ like a baby?’ Lennie’s lip quivered and tears started in his eyes.† This quote suggests that Lennie holds a childish behaviour, which also contributes towards his immaturity. This also leads him to be substantially dependent on George. In fact George particularly appears to be an essential requirement for Lennie as a caretaker who can look after him and keep him out of trouble. This is evident in the text as George says, â€Å"You ain’t gonna get in no trouble now, Lennie. But if you do, hide in the brush till I come for you.† This quote highlights George’s responsibility towards Lennie as his best friend and his attitude of caring and preventing him from troubl e. Lennie is very affectionate towards petting soft things and enjoys having fun with it. The first, being Lennie’s nature. Lennie is an incredibly strong man, however, he seems to be a ‘child trapped in mans body’. This is because he is constantly petting, and stocking things that only a child would pet, as it says â€Å"Lennie reluctantly reached into his pocket†¦ ‘I don’t know why I can’t keep it†¦ I wasn’t doin’ nothing bad with it, George. Jus’ stroking it'†. He also causes trouble in weed where he wanted to touch the girl’s red dress, as he wanted to feel it, very similar to what small children like to do. In result, the girl accuses him of raping her and men on the ranch lynch him. George, being his best friend, takes him to Soledad to escape from the men. Another thing that Lennie does is that he used to kill the mice that Aunt Clara used to give him earlier and also kills a mouse and a pup by petting them so hard. These events also relate back to his capability of getting in trouble. In addition to that, Lennie also breaks Curley’s wrist, which highlights his physical strength and how can he potentially harm a person without even knowing about it. â€Å"Curley was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand. Curley sat down, looking at in wonder at his crushed hand.† This quote shows us that how Steinbeck chooses to introduce this event to foreshadow the forthcoming trouble by Lennie. In context to Lennie’s behaviour to other characters, he is presented as a very polite and soft person. He considers important enough to listen to and follow George and his instructions; â€Å"Of course, George, I can remember that. I am gonna hide in the brush till you come.† This quote reveals Lennie’s faith and dependence on George and tells us that he does not have the ability to keep him safe from trouble. Therefore his personal behaviour and characteristics contribute effectively towards the serious trouble, which Lennie will get in to later in the novel. The author tends to be keen while setting up Lennie and the ways in which he tries to make Lennie’s death unavoidable. Repetition of Lennie doing bad things one after another and increasing trouble from time to time represents the serious trouble, which Lennie might get in to very soon. Lennie killing mice and a pup shows his own ability of killing a living organism; â€Å"You always kill ’em. Lennie said, ‘They was so little.’ I’d’ pet’em, and pretty soon the bit my fingers and I pinched their heads a little and they were dead.† The quote highlights Lennie’s unawareness of his physical strength, which is the major reason for most of his own created troubles. Furthermore, Steinbeck tries to come across the following key point in the novel. Lennie prefers to panic when in case of trouble instead of using his mind to know what to do. His inability of using his mind in different situations shows that trouble is almost inevita ble for him. Another factor which could have lead to Lennie’s death is Curley’s wife, and her nature. This shows isolation, as she has no friends on the ranch, and even her husband â€Å"owns† her, as she is only known as â€Å"Curley’s wife†. She seeks attention, through appearing in the bunkhouse, as it says â€Å"Both men glanced up for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off†. Curley’s wife is attracted to Lennie’s petting tendencies, showing she is soft, and although jailbait, is also purity as it says â€Å"Curley’s wife laughed at him. ‘ You’re nuts,’ she said. But you’re a kinda nice fella.'† The structure of the novella is also very fateful for Lennie. The incident in Weed took place early on in the novella. This is because this was the reason for George and Lennie had to move to Salinas. The relationship with George highlights precarious position for Lennie – he has no place in society. From the very beginning in fact, the very title of the novella symbolises doom for Lennie. Burns’ poem, is about is about a mouse, whose home is ruined by a farmer ploughing a field. The mouse then dies over the winter, having no protection. All these previous events of Lennie foreshadows that his death is unavoidable as he could do anything for pleasure to get in trouble without even knowing about what he has done. All these things also give us a clue that all his activities would end him up in big trouble and probably lead him to his death. George always feared for Lennie as he thought that Lennie could end up in big trouble for himself and for him too. He also tries to prevent him from any possible trouble to his best. Despite of George’s protection from trouble, Lennie at last kills Curley’s wife by twisting her neck. This event secures Lennie’s destruction and promotes death for him, which he cannot choose to avoid. During this tragic event, Steinbeck shows that Lennie panics and breaks Curley’s wife’s neck accidentally instead of using his brain to know why is she screaming. â€Å"‘Don’t you go yellin’, he said, and shook her; and her body flopped like a fish, for Lennie had broken her neck.† This quote highlights how Lennie’s inability of using his mind and how using his physical strength, which he is not aware of, leads him to the serious trouble, which the author tries to present and emphasise in the novel. In conclusion, the main factor that led to Lennie’s was in fact Steinbeck’s fundamental message. Also, intolerance, and misunderstanding in society did not help Lennie, as he has been given no place, and people don’t know how to treat Lennie, as he is so misunderstood. The structure also leads to Lennie’s death. We see his death as inevitable, due to the main title of the novella, and also how it is organised. Lennie’s death was not unexpected, especially when we have read the last chapter, with Lennie’s visions. The giant rabbit tells us that Lennie has done wrong, and that he will be punished for it, by not having George and his dream ranch, and him tending the rabbits. Lennie’s innocence and his inability to use his mind, secures his inevitable destruction. These factors all point, very obviously throughout the novel; hence Lennie’s death was inevitable.

Son of God

Page 1 Marrisa Lumia Jesus Across the Millennium March 29, 2012 Jesus: The Son of God A meaning behind a name can be very significant. It can be a way to interpret someone, describe him or her, and see who he or she really is. Jesus is a man who has numerous names and various meanings to them. He is the known as a teacher, a famous prophet, a miracle worker, and a wonderful example. One significant name that Jesus is known for is the Son of God. At the heart of the Nicene Creed it states â€Å" the only- begotten Son of God†. The Son of God is to be of the same nature as God and the Son of God is â€Å"of God†.Out of all the names for Jesus, Son of God has had one of the most lifelong impacts in Christian history and has become part of the profession of faith by many Christians. But according to the theological view, Jesus is known as a respected prophet, but not as the Son of God. The Son of God is extremely significant in the historical context, Christianity, and to t he theological view. What exactly does the Son of God mean? Literally speaking, it does not mean that God procreated him, it is much more spiritual than that. Jesus was â€Å"chosen to be† the â€Å"Son of God† by the Resurrection from the dead.This was not in human flesh, but by the power of the Holy Spirit. This means because of the Resurrection from the dead, Jesus Page 2 was not just another physical offspring of David. Jesus was the divine Son of God who went sent down from God to save us. There is disagreement about Jesus’ nature and his relationship with God the Father. Many believe in the trinity and use expressions God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit in attempts to express this saying as all three persons. On the other hand, many believe that there is only one highest being who expressed Himself in three different ways.They believe that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are purely forms of God. While others trust that God is the o nly divine being and that Christ is only a created being. It is taught in the Bible that the Messiah was Jesus, whose â€Å"mortal† parents were Joseph and Mary of Nazareth. Jesus was a man who lived a sinless life and then gave His life on the cross in order to redeem mankind from their sins. According to John 1:11-12, â€Å"He came to His own, and those who were His own did not receive Him. But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name. The historical view of Jesus had many names and meanings, but in the Scriptures Christians referred to Jesus as the Son of God. In both the Old and New Testament Jesus was referred to as the Son of God. In the Old Testament Son of God is recurrent. According to NewAdvent. org , the word â€Å"son† was used by many of the Semites to represent close connection or intimate relationship. A hero or warrior was known as the â€Å"son of strength†, a wicked man â€Å"son of wickedness†, and a possessor â€Å"son of possession†. In the Old Testament the label â€Å"Son Page 3 of God† was applied to persons having any special relationship with God.The title â€Å" Sons of God† were referred to as Angels, leaders of the people, kings, princes, and judges because they withheld authority from God. In the Old Testament, Jesus was not only known as the Son of God but he was also called Emmanuel (which means God with us), Wonderful, God the Mighty, Prince of Peace, Counselor, the Father of the world to come. In the New Testament, the Son of God is referred to Jesus Christ in both the Gospels and Epistles. By expressing His Divinity this shed light on many of the meanings attached to passages of the Gospels.In the New Testament, an angel announced: â€Å"He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the most High†¦ the Holy which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God† (Luke 1:32, 35). Also it states that Nathaniel, at his first meeting, called Him the Son of God (John 1:49). Ironically the Devils and Jews also referred to Him as the Son of God. In each one of these cases, the meaning of Son of God was equivalent to the Messiah. A puzzling question from the theological standpoint that raised conflict was, â€Å"How could Jesus be The Son of God, and God at the same time? The question has been on the minds of many Theologists for centuries. Christian theology depends on the Father-Son language to correctly describe the connection between Jesus and God. For thousands of years, Christians have believed that there is one God, and three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, each of them being one with God. According to Christian theology, there is a problem with the doctrine of trinity. The doctrine states that there is precisely one God; which means that the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Spirit is God; and that Father, Son, and Spirit are separate.T his could mean that ‘is God’ Page 4 either means ‘is identical God’ or ‘is divine’. Either way there is a problem to this puzzle. One way it opposes the doctrine is if the Father is equal to God and the Son is equal to God, then it would conclude that the Father is identical to the Son. Another way this opposes the doctrine is if the Father is divine and the Son is divine and the Father is separate from the Son, then there are at least two divine persons, which means there would be two Gods. According to theology, either way the doctrine would be missing pieces to its puzzle.Jesus was a man of wonder with many names and meanings to them. He was known for being a teacher, a famous prophet, a miracle worker, and a wonderful example. One significant name that Jesus was known for is the Son of God. Throughout Christian history the title Son of God has had a lifelong impact on Christian and became part of their profession of faith. The development o f the theological view was very different. Jesus maybe known as a respected prophet, but he was not as the Son of God. The title of Jesus as the Son of God is very significant.He is a man of glorious wonder and faith. Although through the theologists eyes Jesus maybe the Son of God but is not God himself. But in the historical view and the Bible, the Son of God is extremely significant and respected. Page 5 Bibliography Dunn, James Douglas Grant. , and Scott Mcknight. â€Å"Chapter 4. † The Historical Jesus in Recent Research. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns, 2005. 271+. Print Borg, Marcus J. , and N. T. Wright. The Meaning of Jesus: Two Visions. [San Francisco, CA]: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998. Print.Aherne, Cornelius. â€Å"Son of God. † The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 13 Apr. 2012 http://www. newadvent. org/cathen/14142b. htm Dunn, James Douglas Grant. , and Scott Mcknight. â€Å"Chapter 4. † The Historical Jesus in Rec ent Research. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns, 2005. 271+. Print â€Å"Son of God. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. . Murray, Michael, and Michael Rea. â€Å"Philosophy and Christian Theology. † (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Web. 13 Apr. 2012.