Security Vulnerabilities of an organizations operating system Research Paper

Security Vulnerabilities of an organizations operating system - Research Paper Example These systems have the ability to automatically authenticate, audit, log, or manage their own configurations but they are compliance objects, subject to safeguarding (New York University (ITS), 2010). In this essay, we are going to discuss by analyzing three common ways of preventing operating system attacks or violations concerning their ease of application, their associated management issues, and thereafter rank them in order of their effectiveness. Authentication This is the act of verification of a user’s identity before they can log into a system and be able to execute any programs or do any changes to data in it. Authorization is important in that it keeps away malicious or illiterate users from accessing otherwise vital resources in a computer system therefore preventing potential damage to the computer systems or the data stored inside. In simple terms, it is a means by which a computer system knows that the user trying to log into any of its systems is not a stranger or a malicious subject. Authentication is of multiple ways such as use of passwords in combination with usernames, swiping smart cards, using eye or voice recognition and so on. Identification is crucial in safeguarding integrity, privacy, and availability of any information technology infrastructure or system (Lakshmana, 2007). Advantages In the case of using OS authentication (authentication when first logging into the computer after start up), one does not have to memorize multiple username-password combinations when logging into other databases within the computer but this order is the administrator’s preference (Arcgis Server). It is cheap in the case of the OS authentication where no additional devices or installations are necessary. It is a one-off measure in that once established, the user only has to remember the authorizing credentials. Disadvantages It is an intermediary system security measure, meaning it is somehow prone to bypassing. When using the OS authentica tion and the login combination leaks, then it is easy for the logged-in user to access and interfere with all other systems within the computer system (Arcgis Server). Additional protective mechanisms like voice recognition are quite expensive. Program threat detection An operating system’s kernels and processes perform tasks, as manufacturers’ instructions require of them. A certain command given directs them to do a specific task as per the OS manufacturers’ programming. However, some malicious users (hackers) create programs called program threats that confuse the kernels and processes leading to their malfunction. For instance, there are program threats that destroy operating systems, others alter or destroy data, and others interfere with execution of programs and so on. However, there are measures of preventing and tackling such insecurities such as installing security software, downloading from trusted sites, and regularly updating the operating system (N ew York University (ITS), 2010). Advantages Purchasing and regularly updating trusted security software from recommended manufacturers who understand operating systems gives one peace of mind because single installed security software protects against all the above stated threats in some cases without the user knowing (Stewart, Tittel &

Is current UK IT law relevant when applied to the cloud computing Dissertation

Is current UK IT law relevant when applied to the cloud computing - Dissertation Example Make recommendations as to how users of the cloud should approach the problem and recommendations for future change to the legislation. 4. The Main Deliverable(s): A critique of current IT law when it applies to cloud computing. A review of how cloud computing or will change the legal context for IT operations management. A set of recommendation for cloud computing users and suggested updates to UK IT law to deal with the problems that come from cloud computing. 5. The Target Audience for the Deliverable(s): Potential users of cloud computing IT legislators 6. The Work to be undertaken: In this research essay, I would concentrate on the following: How to use the services of CSPs without infringing the UK’s laws like Data Protection Act, etc. What are all the safeguards and protection mechanism to be undertaken while using CSP services? Recommendations to initiate adequate measures to safekeeping the data while they are stored with CSPs who are located outside UK jurisdiction. 7. Additional Information / Knowledge Required: The researcher should have additional knowledge on USA Patriot Act if UK companies want to use cloud services offered by US based companies like Microsoft, Amazon and Google Inc. Besides UK laws, the researcher should have extensive knowledge on European Data Protection Directive, intellectual property laws, contracts act, Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act, 1996 (CPIA, 1996) and so on. 8. Information Sources that Provide a Context for the Project: The information and data have been sourced for this project from previous empirical studies, peer viewed journals, books written on the subject on the subject by eminent authors, from online sources, and from sources available from the online libraries. 9. The Importance of the Project: Availing the services of a cloud service contractor and having lost the control over the data processing is an issue relating with security. The problems that emanate from the infringement of the data d emonstrate the confronts that the cloud customers witness when things go haphazard in the cloud atmosphere. Making an in-depth analysis of the risks associated is vital before venturing into the use of the service of a CSP and if the risks are controllable, managing them through incorporating appropriate clauses in the contract. Businesses should exercise more vigil and should not opt for cloud computing purely on the cost basis by ceding poignant control over their data, which may land them later for data infringement offences later. Further, by encrypting the data, business can adhere with residency and jurisdictional needs by maintaining the encryption keys within its jurisdiction in spite of the actual physical placement of the data. 10. The Key Challenge(s) to be overcome: The boiler plate CSP contract should be replaced by an authorised contract for CSP contracts which should have the following clauses: the security of the data of the business to be guaranteed by the cloud com puting service provider; the cloud service provider (CSP) should use data only for the purpose mentioned in the contract, and he should be held accountable if the data is either misused or for non-business purposes: the data handler to inform to the data owner immediately if there is any breach of data or security so as to take immediate precautionary steps by the service

Research on Bilingual Language Behaviour

Research on Bilingual Language Behaviour The aims of this qualitative study are threefold: To observe the language behaviour, in the formal register of religious services, of bilingual members of a sample East African Sikh speech community; To identify and examine the broad patterns of the bilingual language behaviour observed; and To attempt to explain those patterns from the perspectives of language policy (specifically, religious language policy), audience design and communication accommodation. The structure of this dissertation is as follows: Chapter 1 offers a brief history of Sikhism; a discussion of the double migration of the East African Sikhs to the United Kingdom; and the linguistic ramifications of the same for the sample speech community today. Chapter 2 contains a critical examination and review of the literature and central notions relevant to the study. Chapter 3 discusses the hypothesis and methodological aspects of this study; Chapter 4 contains observations made over the course of the data collection period, with the results and analysis of that data. Chapter 5 draws preliminary conclusions on the basis of the data analysis in the preceding chapter. Sikhism, the worlds fifth largest religion, originated in the Punjab (Northern India) as an off-shoot of Hinduism in the 15th century. Its emergence and development as one of the three main religions in India are closely tied to, influenced by and reflect the political, economic and socio-cultural changes that swept across the region over the course of nearly three centuries, shaping the role of Sikhs thereafter. Sikhism would only take on its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾modern and most immediately recognisable form in 1699 (see below). The faith was founded by the first of the Sikhs ten gurus, Guru Nanak (1469-1538). He began preaching a new belief system founded on principles of monotheism, gender equality and egalitarianism at a time when the Muslim Mughal conquerors of India were forcing conversions to Islam, while the caste system reduced thousands of people to living, starving and dying in poverty. Guru Nanaks disciple and appointed successor, Guru Angad (1504-1552), is credited with creating the Gurmukhi script (which is still in use today) and popularising the practice of Guru ka Langar, whereby congregants eat together at the end of each service. Guru Angad was succeeded by Guru Amar Das (14791574), who made Guru ka Langar compulsory. He also instituted new ceremonies for birth, marriage and death; raised the status of women; and established three main gurpurbs (festivals), one of which is Vaisakhi (see below). The fourth guru, Guru Ram Das (1534-1581), is credited in turn with composing the Laava (the hymns recited during Sikh marriage ceremonies) and, perhaps more significantly, designing the Harimandir Sahib (also known as the Golden Temple) in Amritsar, Punjab. Guru Nanaks teachings, saloks (verses) and shabads (hymns) together with those of his successors were compiled by the fifth guru, Guru Arjan Dev (1563-1606), into the Adi Granth. This would eventually be known as the Guru Granth Sahib, the contents of which are known as gurbani (literally, the utterances of the Gurus). The sixth Guru, Har Gobind (1595-1644), instituted the role of the Sikhs as a martial race of saint soldiers a role which was maintained and expanded by his successor, Guru Har Rai (1630-1661). The eighth Guru, Har Krishan (1656-1664), died of smallpox aged 7 and appointed Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621-1675) as his successor. Tegh Bahadur further reinforced the Sikhs role as a warrior class before his execution by Emperor Aurangzeb. Prior to his death, he appointed his son, Gobind, as his successor. Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708), the tenth and final human guru, is widely regarded as having laid the foundations for modern Sikhism on Vaisakhi in 1699. In establishing the Khalsa[1] Panth, Gobind Singh gave tangible shape to Sikh identity. He instituted the taking of amrit (literally nectar) as a new baptism ceremony, together with the five Ks, symbols to be worn by Sikhs as outward identifiers. New names were also to be taken by the newly unified community of Sikhs: Singh (literally, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾lion-hearted) for men and Kaur (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾princess) for women. Guru Gobind took part in the first baptism, thus becoming Guru Gobind Singh. Equally significantly, Guru Gobind Singh elevated the Adi Granth (see above), to which he had made significant contributions, to a new status as the Guru Granth Sahib, and effectively appointed the sacred text as his successor[2]. In doing so, he vested it with full spiritual authority, with temporal authority laying with the Khalsa Panth. The Guru Granth Sahib continues to be worshipped and venerated by Sikhs as a living Guru, with various rites and rules governing how it is handled and treated. The Guru Granth Sahib is unusual in that it is a religious text compiled within the lifetime of its authors and contributors. Furthermore, whilst it is written exclusively in Gurmukhi script, the text itself is actually a mixture of different languages, including inter alia Punjabi, Persian, Hindi-Urdu, and Sanskrit. Gurmukhi has therefore been used as a transliterative device, a means of unifying and harmonising a disparate collection of verses and hymns written, collected and compiled by the Gurus and their devotees. In an informal chat during one of my visits, the president of the gurdwara informed me that, stylistically, the language used in the Guru Granth Sahib can be equated with Shakespearean English: spiritual, poetic and inspiring, but with a meaning that is not readily grasped by congregants without an explanation or interpretation provided by a giani. Gurmukhi (literally from the mouth of the Gurus[3]) is central to Sikh worship and religious practices. The general view held is that true understanding of the spiritual significance of the sacred texts cannot be achieved without knowledge of Gurmukhi, and a Sikh cannot fully experience the Guru Granth Sahib until he or she can read its contents. English translations are not frowned upon per se, and Romanised publications (in which the original Gurmukhi text is rendered in Romanised script[4]) abound, but these are rather viewed as little more than an introduction to worship and prayer rituals practices for which only Gurmukhi can and must be used in order to be correct or acceptable[5]. Two further points are implicit within such a requirement: First is the need for congregants to speak the heritage language in order to understand the text in terms of its spiritual content (as stated above) and, by extension, participate completely as fully-fledged and acknowledged congregants in a given service. Following that line of reasoning, it would seem futile to be able to read Gurmukhi script without the requisite understanding of the Punjabi language necessary to grasp the meaning of the text. Secondly, proficiency in reading Gurmukhi would appear to establish a form of hierarchy amongst congregants: the greater the proficiency, the greater the understanding of Sikh spirituality, and the more likely any such members are to be able to participate fully in services particularly the Akhand Path, in which proficient ability to read Gurmukhi is central. It may be said that Gurmukhi script acts here as a source of religious mysticism[6], in that a full understanding of the spiritual message contained in the Guru Granth Sahib remains inaccessible and, therefore, a source of mystery to anyone who cannot read it. Congregants who are unable to read Gurmukhi are consequently dependent on the giani or fellow congregants who are fully proficient in reading Gurmukhi script. Taken together, it may be argued that Gurmukhi script and, therefore, Punjabi more generally could have an exclusionary or prohibitive effect, imposing additional criteria for full membership of a group on the basis of a shared language and social and cultural identity, creating a religious hierarchy within a group that also serves social and cultural ends. According to the 2001 Census, there are 329,000 Sikhs in England and Wales[7]. It should be noted that the census data makes no distinction between Indian Sikhs and East African Sikhs, who in fact constitute two very separate groups within a wider religious community. The establishment of the Sikh community taken as a whole as a bilingual speech community in the United Kingdom can by and large be described in terms of the chain migration model detailed, for example, by Dabà ¨ne and Moore (1995)[8]. It is, however, important to bear in mind that the history and development of the East African Sikh community present in the United Kingdom followed a distinct trajectory, one in which a sense of separateness has heightened the groups awareness of and desire to preserve it social, cultural and religious (and, by extension, linguistic) identity. [1] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Khalsa is derived from Arabic khalis (literally meaning pure or unsullied). Khalsa Panth means community of the pure. [2] Partridge, C. H. (2005). Introduction to World Religions. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, p. 223. [3] See Appendix VI. [4] See Appendix VI for examples. [5] This is further confirmed when one looks at the communities of non-Asian Sikh converts in the United States: they learn Punjabi particularly how to read Gurmukhi script and conduct their services in that language Their conversion is not only religious, but also linguistic. [6] Wirtz (2005) offers fascinating insight, from an anthropological perspective, on the use of language as a source of religious mysticism in Santerà ­a ceremonies held in Cuba. [7] See Appendix V for relevant data drawn from the 2001 UK Census. [8] See below Chapter 3: Literature Review.

Mother-Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club Essay

Mother-Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club      In the Joy Luck Club, the author Amy Tan, focuses on mother-daughter relationships. She examines the lives of four women who emigrated from China, and the lives of four of their American-born daughters. The mothers: Suyuan Woo, An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Ying-Ying St. Clair had all experienced some life-changing horror before coming to America, and this has forever tainted their perspective on how they want their children raised. The four daughters: Waverly, Lena, Rose, and Jing-Mei are all Americans. Even though they absorb some of the traditions of Chinese culture they are raised in America and American ideals and values.   This inability to communicate and the clash between cultures create rifts between mothers and daughters.      The hardest problem communicating emerges between Suyuan and Jing-Mei.   Suyuan is a very strong woman who lost everything she ever had in China: "her mother and father, her family home, her first husband, and two daughters, twin baby girls" (141). Yet she finds the strength to move on and still retains her traditional values.   She remarries and has Jing-Mei and creates a new life for herself in America.   She is the one who brings together three other women to form the Joy Luck Club. The rift is the greatest between Suyuan and June.   Suyuan tries to force her daughter to be everything she could ever be. She sees the opportunities that America has to offer, and does not want to see her daughter throw those opportunities away.   She wants the best for her daughter, and does not want Jing-Mei to ever let go of something she wants because it is too hard to achieve.   "America is where all my mother's hopes lay. . .There were so many ways for ... ...ght to America" (31).   The trip she makes finally helps her to understand just where her mother was coming from, why she was the way she was, and she began to forgive her for all the misunderstandings they had. The rifts between mothers and daughters continue to separate them, but as the daughters get older they become more tolerant of their mothers.   They learn they do not know everything about their mothers, and the courage their mothers showed during their lives is astounding.   As they get older they learn they do not know everything, and that their mothers can still teach them much about life.   They grow closer to their mothers and learn to be proud of their heritage and their culture.   They acquire the wisdom of understanding, and that is the finest feeling to have in the world. WORKS CITED    Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Random House, 1989.

Person centred approaches Essay

Implement person centred approaches in health and social care 1.1 Define person-centred values. 1.2 Explain why it is important to work in away that embeds person centred values. The underlying purpose of â€Å"Person-centred values† is to ensure that the individual needing care is placed at the very centre of the decision making process about their life, the services and support they want and need. Therefore, under this strict system, the person is always placed at the very centre of the planning of the care programme required, in that he or she will always be consulted and that his or her views will always come first. Therefore the plan is tailor-made to that particular person, and it should include all aspects of care, from the Social and Health Services, from that individual’s family and from the voluntary sector. This is the current policy and it applies to those people with learning disabilities, mental health problems, and physical disabilities, to older people who need support, and to young people making their transition to adulthood. To place the person at the centre certain values must be upheld: Individuality (everyone’s differences must be recognised and respected), Choice (for individuals to be able to make own choices and be in control of own life), Privacy (information and activities must be kept confidential), Independence (empowering individuals to do activities for themselves) and dignity (be treated in a respectful way). It is vital for the social care worker to work using these precise methods to establish the needs and wishes of the individual. This will also mean that individuals will feel empowered and in control of their lives, be more confident about making decisions, will feel valued and respected. 1.3 Explain why risk taking can be part of a person centred approach. The person centred approach to risk includes making an assessment with the people involved in the plan such as the individual, their relatives and other professionals. Risk taking is part of a person-centred approach as this empowers individuals to have choices about what they want to do in their lives as well as to be part of their community. Not allowing individuals to take risks can have a negative impact on an individual’s life to not live it as they wish. 1.4 Explain how using an individuals care plan contributes to working in a person centred way. To be person-centred the person must always be at the centre of their care plan. This means that individuals must always to be consulted and their views must always come first. Therefore, no two care plans are alike because each individual is different from another. Each individual should be involved at every stage of their care plan; from deciding who to involve, how to meet the individual’s needs, the support required and how to feedback on how the care plan is working. 3.1 Explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care and support. 3.3 Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established. It is always very important to establish the consent of the individual when providing any care or support programme or procedure. This is essential so as to include that individual with any decision-making, in order to ensure that they do not feel left out, ignored; in this way they can understand and agree to that element of their care or support. I would discuss the problem, that consent cannot be established, with the supervisor or manager of the home, and, if necessary, the individual’s doctor and advocate. I would also make a record of this, which I would sign and date. 4.1 Describe how active participation benefits an individual. 4.2 Identify possible barriers to active participation. Active participation benefits the individual because that person is always made to feel that he or she is continually important, and that things are done for their benefit, with their consent. This ensures a positive approach for the individual that makes them an active part of how they choose to live and puts them first as the focus. Barriers can take several forms – the emotions, the disabilities, and the attitudes of the individual concerned, any or all of which can deter active participation by that individual in any activity or action. Similarly barriers exist if social care workers’ attitudes and approaches do not value active participation, strict routines and lack of training on using the active participation approach can also be barriers. 5.3 Explain why a workers personal views should not influence an individuals choices. The care worker’s personal views may well simply rule things out for the individual being cared for, because the worker might take a subjective position rather than looking to find creative solutions for that individual. Such a stance could prevent the individual from making informed choices about their care. Therefore, personal views should never influence the choices of any individual as this also goes against their rights and can make an individual feel pressurised to agree. 5.4 Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others. When others make decisions for the individual, the care worker should talk to the individual to ask that person whether he or she understands what has been decided for them. Once the individual understands those decisions, he or she should be encouraged to state whether they agree with them. If not, then that individual should be enabled to question and challenge them either  themselves, through the social care worker or an advocate. 6.1 Explain how individual identity and self esteem are linked with well being. 6.2 Describe attitudes and approaches that are likely too promote an individuals well being. Maintaining an individual’s identity is done by always recognising that person as a human being, not a number – identity is who the person is. Ensuring that the individual IS important and that their views and concerns are always dealt with in a positive and caring manner will always ensure that person is valued and has a high self-esteem. All this will contribute to their sense of well being. By always ensuring that the individual is treated in a professional, kind, caring and courteous way, their sense of well-being is always assured. Care workers can also make sure that they use a number of different approaches – empowering approaches that enable the individual to take control, a positive approach that encourages the individual to feel good, working in a trusting and professional way enables a good relationship to build between the care worker and individual and promoting a sense of well being.

Queensland University of Technology Essay

Consultation Times: Consultation times will be posted on the Blackboard site by the end of Week 1. As this is a 12 credit point unit, students are expected to spend 12 hours per week studying. As there are 3 hours of contact, you are expected to spend on average an extra 9 hours in your own time, studying and completing all assessment items. Mode of Offering This unit is not offered in the form of external study. While resources such as lecture recordings and tutorial solutions may be made available, it is expected that students will attend class and participate, such that electronic resources are used in addition to attendance at scheduled classes. Blackboard You are deemed to have full knowledge of all information posted on the unit Blackboard site http://blackboard.qut.edu.au. It is vital that you check the Blackboard site and your QUT student email account on a regular basis for all important administrative announcements regarding this unit. All material on the unit Blackboard site will be removed on the day of the final exam for this unit. It is your responsibility to ensure that you have copies of all materials before this date. Development of Graduate Capabilities/Assurance of Learning Goals The QUT Business School has established the Assurance of Learning Goals (AOLs) to meet contemporary industry needs and standards. Achieving these learning outcomes will assist you to meet the desired graduate outcomes set at QUT and are aligned with other internationally accredited business schools. These AOLs are described on page 8 and the specific contribution of this unit to the overall development of the learning goals in the School of Accountancy units is shown on page 9. MODIFICATIONS TO UNIT FROM STUDENT FEEDBACK In response to student feedback, the content of the subject was reviewed for Semester 2, 2011 and the assessment requirements have been modified. In order to ensure that the assessment tasks more appropriately support your learning, the mid-semester exam has been removed and replaced with weekly tutorial work. The tutorial work is to be undertaken prior to the tutorial and comprise exam-related questions. The tutorial work comprises two types of questions, practical and critical thinking. The tutorial work will be collected each week and marked at random 5 times during the semester and are worth 5% each. The best 4 of 5 collections will count towards the overall 20% available for tutorial work. The tutorial work will be corrected in class by the student and then handed in. The work will be marked for ‘accuracy’. The weekly tutorial work is designed to develop a more independent, active and deeper learning process. The overall objective is to ensure that you have the opportunity to participate in the weekly tutorial class to the best of your ability and to receive a constant level of feedback and guidance. By adopting the role of â€Å"self-marker† in you will receive a clear understanding of not only the relevant solutions but also the level of understanding required for the final exam. Critical Thinking workshops have been introduced for the first time this semester to assist students in understanding the concept of Critical Thinking and provide assistance to students in learning how to answer (and structure their answer) to Critical Thinking based questions.

Anxiety and mood disorders essays

Anxiety and mood disorders essays Everyone experienced some sort of anxiety feeling before an important event, such as an important exam, going on the 1st date, going on the roller coaster for the 1st time, and etc. during their lifetime. When this anxiety start to be an overwhelming thought in a persons mind and causes nightmares, fears, and panic attacks, it becomes an illness, called anxiety disorder. There are three main theories to the cause of anxiety disorder, the Biological Theory, the Behavioral Theory, and the Psychodynamic Theory. The Biological theory indicates anxiety disorder is cause by a chemical imbalance in the brain from a build-up of stress, the use of drug and alcohol, or genetically from parents. The Behavioral Theory says this illness is cause by consistently learning to react negatively to events. The Psychodynamic Theory says childhood issues, such as trauma during childhood, are the causes of anxiety disorder. There are many effective medication treatments and psychotherapy treatments to anxiety disorder. However, the psychotherapy treatments are the better ways to treat anxiety disorder. Medication treatments have a few disadvantages. As oppose to the psychotherapy treatments such as the Behavior Therapy, the Cognitive Therapy, and the Relaxation Techniques, which are effective and beneficial. Medications can help to treat anxiety disorder; these medications generally belong to a chemical group called the benzodiazepines. They are widely used, safe, and effective, for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms. Most often, they are taken as needed, when your anxiety becomes especially bothersome. but it is not the best treatment. Medications can only help to relief the symptoms of anxiety disorder by restoring the chemical imbalance that lead to the symptoms, but does not treat the cause of it. (Anxiety and Stress) Also, there are side effects to most medications, which can cause other symptoms. Medications can only help d...

Comparison of Mail Communications Essays - Email, Mail, Free Essays

Comparison of Mail Communications Essays - Email, Mail, Free Essays Comparison of Mail Communications Business Comparison of Mail Communications New technologies have always allowed us to do things faster, more efficiently, and more professionally than ever before. Generally, every new technology is a step forward for speed and productivity. But, despite this paradigm, the coming of the latest mail communications innovation has brought many pros and cons with the package. Electronic mail could be the greatest thing since sliced bread, but there are many who find flaws in it. We are now going to take a moment to compare the speed, ease, reliability, and expense of electronic mail with our general postal system. The speed of transfer is an important part of the decision to send mail by either protocol. E-mail has a distinct advantage in this category. With the click of a button, your message will be received in a period of 5 to 30 seconds. Whether you are sending e-mail to a person across the street or in Afghanistan, the transfer rate is virtually the same. Also, data files and computer applications can be sent via e-mail; however, large files will slow upload & download time even though they are sent in seconds. Unfortunately, physical packages such as gifts or magazines cannot be attached to e-mail. On the other side of the spectrum, the postal service can send any kind of physical package, from a magazine to a pool table, for a price proportional to its size. The postal service can also transfer data if it is placed on a disk or a CD-ROM. Speed, however, is a problem. Even the smallest letter takes from two days to two weeks to deliver, depending on the locations of the sender and the receiver. Even sending a letter to the house across the street takes time due to unnecessary movement. The mail is taken to the nearest large post office, sorted there, then delivered to the post office closest to the destination, and delivered from there. In other words, mail that is sent across town sometimes has to travel out of town and back again to reach the final point. Another variable aspect of the two mail systems is ease-of-use, which can potentially be quite costly. E-mail has many disadvantages when viewed from this angle. For one thing, e-mail requires some knowledge of computer operation. Anyone who wishes to use e-mail needs to know how to use the software that it requires, and one can only send e-mail to other people with the same knowledge. Secondly, a computer with various equipment is needed. Hardware includes: motherboard with processor ($300+), hard drive ($100-$200), four megs RAM ($60), video card ($80-$200), fax modem ($50-$200), and monitor & keyboard ($200-$450). The e-mail user also has to pay a monthly fee on his e-mail internet account, generally ranging from $8 to $25 per month, whether the account is used or not. The only financial advantage to this system is that postage stamps are not required. General mail differs in that the only knowledge required is literacy, and the only equipment that is needed is an envelope ($.03) and a stamp ($.32). No monthly fee is levied on mail users, and anyone can send and receive mail. These facts show that, in terms of expense, the Postal Service has an edge on E-mail. Finally, we will review the reliability of each system. Because e-mail is run by a computer network, human error is impossible. Consequently, e-mail is always transferred to the correct address; it never is lost, stolen, and its contents are never removed. Unfortunately, since humans do operate the servers that transfer the messages, server operators have the power to read mail that is passing through. They also can copy files that are attached to messages, though the messages and files themselves are not damaged in any way. The old method of mail, on the other hand, has even more problems. First, since humans deliver the envelopes, error is not uncommon. Letters have been delivered to the wrong address on numerous occasions; checks and other items have been stolen out of packages by dishonest postal workers. In short, both e-mail and our traditional mail service are unsafe. After viewing all of the details of each system, a declaration that either protocol is better than the other would be sophomoric. Each has its pros and cons. E-mail may be faster, but it is much more expensive. Mail may be easy to use, but it is slow. Each individual must choose which system fits his needs and is most comfortable for him. The healthy competition between the two creates a better

A Study Of Lyme Disease In New

Jersey Essay, Research Paper Introduction Merely by populating in the universe, human existences are susceptible to disease. Many diseases # 8212 ; for illustration, grippe and TB # 8212 ; are spread when bacteriums or viruses pass from one individual to another. Other diseases are acquired genetically from one? s parents, such as cystic fibrosis. Some diseases, such as bosom disease and osteoporosis, develop as worlds age. Others worlds get from the environment ; illustrations are lead toxic condition and tegument malignant neoplastic disease due to exposure to the Sun. Finally, there are diseases that can be transmitted from animate beings to worlds. Lyme disease is one such disease. Cases of Lyme disease, which is transmitted to worlds and pets by the bite of a tick, are steadily increasing in countries such as the Northeast part of the United States. At present, there is no vaccinum for worlds ; the best manner to forestall Lyme disease is to take safeguards against being bitten by a tick and leting the tick to stay af filiated to the tegument long plenty for the infection to be transmitted. History The narrative of Lyme disease in the United States began in 1975, when two female parents, Polly Murray and Judith Mensch, alarmed by the great figure of instances of joint redness in the their communities of Lyme and Ease Haddam, Connecticut, contacted public wellness governments ( 7:5 ) . The wellness section contacted Allen Steere and his co-workers at Yale University, in New Haven. Steere believed the eruption may supply a hint about the infective agent or environmental toxin that was responsible for arthritis ( 2:26 ) . One early observation made by Steere was an association between the arthritis and a anterior tegument roseola. A connexion was so made between this roseola and a similar 1 called erythema migrans, which comes from the bite of the sheep tick, Ixodes Ricinus and is often found in northern Europe ( 7:5 ) . After field surveies and patient studies were carried out the research workers released three indispensable findings which subsequently led to the find of the infective agent. First, the disease was seasonal, happening most normally in the summer and much less so in the center of the winter. In geographic countries such as Connecticut, these findings suggest that the virus was either a summer virus or an infection carried by and insect or a tick ( 7:35 ) . Second, the disease did non distribute from one individual in a household to another. Summer viruses were normally spread from individual to individual, particularly those populating in the same family. When a summer virus was eliminated, the focal point shifted to the engagement of arthropods ( 7:37 ) . Third, the disease was much more prevalent on one side of the Connecticut River than the other. Since the Connecticut River bisects the province, this became an of import factor in happening the cause of the disease. The research workers found a good correlativity with the frequence of a certain tick now named Ixodes scapularis. When furthered questioned, the affected people remembered being old bitten by a tick ( 2:27 ) . At foremost, the infective agent bring forthing Lyme disease was thought to hold been either a virus, protozoon, Fungis, or bacteriums. Among the possible agents, bacterium was the highest on the list. European doctors had been handling patients with medical specialties that were effectual against bacteriums. However, these findings were non originally accepted in the United States. It was merely after some of the patients in Steere? s survey were successfully treated with antibiotics, which are effectual against bacteriums, but non against viruses, protozoon, or Fungis, that bacterium was determined to be the infective agent ( 14:1015 ) . The specific bacterium was found by Willy Burgdorfer, an expert on a assortment of tick-borne diseases. While working at Montana? s Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Burgdorfer received a cargo of ticks from New York. After looking at the contents of the ticks through a microscope, Burgdorfer found a wavy signifier of a spirochaete that had neer been seen in the Ixodes group of ticks before. After finding that the same spirochaetes were present in ticks taken from Long Island and New Jersey, the freshly named Borrelia burgdorferi was confirmed as the bacterium that caused Lyme disease ( 1:47 ) . THE VECTOR The tick that transmits Lyme disease is called Ixodes scapularis. In the northeasterly and north-central United States it is frequently called the? cervid tick? because it is found so often on cervid. The southern signifier of I. scapularis is normally called the? black legged tick. ? The southern signifier of the species poses less of a menace of infection. Fewer of the southern ticks are infected and they tend to feed on other carnal hosts instead than worlds ( 2:43 ) . The ticks that transmit Lyme disease by and large live about two old ages. I. scapularis larvae, which are non much larger than the period at the terminal of this sentence, hatch in the summer from eggs laid by the grownup female that spring. They normally feed on a field mouse or other gnawer host that summer and into the early autumn. The larvae so alteration into nymphs the first twelvemonth ; these nymphs base on balls through the winter without feeding. the undermentioned spring and summer the nymphs provender on a gnawer or other little animate being. At least three out of four Lyme disease instances in the United States are from the bite of a nymphal tick that occurs sometime between May and August. Most of the bites go unnoticed because the nymphs are so little # 8211 ; about the size of a poppy seed ( 2:45 ) . In the 2nd twelvemonth, the nymph alterations to an grownup after feeding. The larger ticks, particularly the females, are more likely to be noticed by people. I. scapularis grownups bite cervid and other big mammals, such as worlds. The grownups feed subsequently in the twelvemonth than the nymphs and larvae and may stay active even as temperature bead to merely above nothing in the late autumn. Lyme disease infection happening in the autumn, particularly in the nor-east, can normally be attributed to the bite of an grownup ( 2:45-46 ) . Reservoir The Lyme disease spirochaetes can stay active and even multiply inside a tick? s organic structure, but rarely are they passed from an grownup female to her offspring. In order for the spirochaetes to distribute in nature, an septic tick must feed on another animate being, thereby go throughing the spirochaete from that animate being to other feeding ticks. Many types of mammals and birds are capable of hosting the bacterium and of go throughing it on to other ticks, therefore finishing the vector-reservoir-vector rhythm. Because about 99 per centum of the larvae of I. scapularis do non transport the bacteriums even if their grownup female parent of male parent did, the larvae must get the bacteriums by feeding on an septic host. In the instance of cervid ticks this host is normally a wild field mouse, called Peromyscus leucopus. In some parts more than half the mice are infected with Lyme disease bacteriums, therefore supplying a uninterrupted reservoir of the spirochaetes for many ticks. In bad countries for Lyme disease, such as New Jersey, the opportunities that a larva will go septic is as least one in four ( 13:36 ) . Symptom The first mark of the disease in 60 to 80 per centum of the instances is a roseola # 8211 ; a ruddy splodge or bull? s oculus form, frequently no more than 2 1/2 inches across. If left untreated it may, in two hebdomads to a month, expand to four times that size. The roseola does non ever occur at the site of the bite ( 11:9 ) . Often it is found at the axilla, inguen, or the dorsum of the articulatio genus. However, in many instances of Lyme disease no roseola occurs ; therefore it may be necessary to look at other factors before doing a diagnosing ( 16:41 ) . Other common symptoms include icinesss, febrility, weariness, and other flu-like symptoms ( 1:47 ) . If left untreated, the disease spreads to other P humanistic disciplines of the organic structure, and frequently consequences in more joint, tendon and musculus hurting, partial facial palsy, and bosom palpitations ( 8:11 ) . Chronic symptoms can develop if the disease goes untreated for months or old ages, and leads to severe arthritis and neurological jobs ( 5:29 ) . Diagnosis The best manner to get at or except a diagnosing of Lyme disease is to analyze three facets of the patient. The first is to find if the patient exhibits any of the above symptoms. The 2nd is discover whether or non the patient is at a high hazard of undertaking the disease. This factor takes into history the environment in which the patient lives, works, or enjoys his recreational activities. It may besides include whether or non the patient has a pet that may hold brought the ticks into the house ( 16:41 ) . The 3rd factor to see before naming Lyme disease is to execute research lab trials. The Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease recommends a two-test attack to find an active disease or a old infection. A doctor should execute a sensitive enzyme immunochemical assay ( EIA ) or immunofluorescent check ( IFA ) . If a patient trials positive on an EIA or IFA so the doctor should follow up with a standardised Western immunoblot ( 15:937 ) . Treatment In its early phases Lyme disease can easy be treated. Clinical surveies have shown that a 10 twenty-four hours to three hebdomad class of antibiotics is about 95 percent effectual in extinguishing the disease ( 14:1015 ) . Amoxicillin and Vibramycin are the two most prescribed antibiotics. They replaced the earlier interventions of penicillin and Achromycin because they are more easy absorbed by the enteric piece of land and require less frequent dosing ( 9:1 ) . Erythromycin, which is less effectual than penicillin or Achromycin, is now merely used in the intervention of immature kids, pregnant or nursing adult females, and those people allergic to penicillins ( 2:166 ) . If left untreated and allowed to come on to a ulterior phase, Lyme disease may necessitate to be treated with endovenous antibiotics. The success rate at this phase drops significantly and frequently patients will go on to see chronic symptoms ( 2:167 ) . Prevention It is of import to be cognizant if you live in or are going to a high hazard country. Ticks thrive in wooded, shaggy, grassy home grounds, and peculiarly in shady and damp countries. Measures to forestall Lyme disease include have oning long arms and bloomerss when out-of-doorss, inserting bloomerss into socks, and utilizing repellants # 8211 ; permethrin ( sold as Permanoe ) on vesture, and diethyltoluamide ( DEET ) on exposed countries of tegument. The most of import agencies of bar is a complete review of the organic structure at the terminal of every twenty-four hours spent out-of-doorss. A tick must be attached to the organic structure for a lower limit of 24 hours in order to convey the disease ; hence if a tick is found upon review it is non excessively late to forestall the disease from being transmitted. If a tick is discovered embedded in the tegument it should be removed instantly by hold oning the organic structure with a brace of all right tipped pincers and drawing gen tly until the tick comes out ( 4:31 ) . Statistical ASPECTS In 1995 ( the last complete twelvemonth for which figures are available ) , there 11,603 instances of Lyme disease reported in the United States by 43 provinces and the District of Columbia. The overall incidence of the disease was 4.4 per 100,000 people. This was the 2nd highest one-year figure reported since the disease was first tracked in 1982, nevertheless it was an 11 % lessening from the 13, 043 instances reported in 1994 ( 10:274 ) . Despite the national lessening, the incidence of Lyme disease in New Jersey has increased steadily since 1992, from 688 instances to 1,704 in 1995 ( 6: T-3 ) . An overall incidence of 21.1 per 100,000 people was reported ( 10:274 ) . Hunterdon County leads the province and is 2nd among the 3,300 counties in the state in the figure of instances per 100,000 occupants. In 1995, Hunterdon reported 565 instances. Morris County was 2nd in the province coverage 232 instances ( 6: T-3 ) . FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF LYME DISEASE IN NEW JERSEY The three chief factors lending to the incidence in New Jersey are the sum of cervid nowadays in the province, an increased interaction between people and cervid, and an addition in the figure of doctors naming and describing Lyme disease. The figure of cervid in New Jersey continues to turn every twelvemonth ( 17:41 ) . This population detonation means that there are more cervid for the ticks to feed on and infect. This straight relates to the addition in interaction between people and cervid. As people move into more wooded countries, they are more likely to come in contact with cervid and their home grounds. This provides an chance for the ticks to attach themselves to dress or be found in families ( 13:37 ) . The 3rd factor can be attributed to an addition in consciousness among physicians to name Lyme disease. After a significant sum of media attending given to Lyme disease in the late 1980? s and early 1990? s, physicians all of a sudden began naming the disease in more patients. As an consciousness of the symptoms and hazard factors of Lyme disease increased, doctors were better able to do a more accurate diagnosing. They were now naming Lyme disease in patients that had antecedently been untreated ( 3 ) . Decision It is inevitable that the instances of Lyme disease will go on to increase in New Jersey until more people become cognizant of the earnestness of the disease. In recent old ages, the media has been instrumental in supplying the public with pertinent information refering the symptoms and hazard factors involved in the disease. At present, there is no vaccinum protecting worlds against Lyme disease. The best manner to protect oneself against undertaking Lyme disease is to forestall a tick from holding the chance to convey the infection. 1. Accerrano, Anthony. ? Tick, tick. ? Sports Afield. Aug. 1996. 44-47. 2. Barbour, Alan G. , M.D. Lyme Disease. Baltimore: John? s Hopkins University Press, 1996. 3. Fernandez, Bob. ? New Jersey County Suffering from 2nd Highest Rate of Lyme Disease. ? Tribune News Service. 28 Aug. 1994. 4. Gubler, Diane J. , et Al. ? A Field Guide to Animal-borne Infections. ? Patient Care. 15 Oct. 1994. 23-37. 5. Hearn, Wayne. ? Lyme Disease Back With a Few New Ticks, Er, Tricks. ? American Medical News. 22 Jul. 1996. 29-30. 6. ? It? s Tick Time. ? The Record. 23 Jun. 1996. T-3. 7. Lang, Denise, and Derrick DeSilva, Jr. , M.D. Coping With Lyme Disease. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993. 8. ? Lingering Lyme Disease. ? Science News. 7 Jan. 1995. 11. 9. ? Lyme Disease: Treatment Controversies Continue. ? Health Facts. Jul. 1995. 1-2. 10. ? Lyme Disease # 8212 ; United States, 1995. ? The Journal of the American Medial Association. 24 Jul. 1996. 274. 11. Miller, Sue. ? Lyme Disease Update. ? Country Journal. Jul.-Aug. 1994. 8. 12. Murray, Polly. The Widening Circle. New York: St. Martin? s Press, 1996. 13. Nelson, Peter. ? Deer Watch. ? National Wildlife. Oct.-Nov. 1994. 34-42. 14. Pfister, Hans- Walter, et Al. ? Lyme Borreliosis: Basic Science and Clinical Aspects. ? The Lancet. 23 Apr. 1994. 1013-1017. 15. ? Recommendations for trial public presentation and reading from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. ? The Journal of the American Medical Association. 27 Sept. 1995. 937. 16. Stewart, Kay B. ? A Quick Expression at Lyme Disease. ? Nursing. Aug. 1994. 41. 17. Sudo, Phil. ? The Bambi Boom. ? Scholastic Update. 16 Apr. 1993. 18.

The Toyota Kluger Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Toyota Kluger - Assignment Example This car caters for families needs primarily the children. Long drives have no fun particularly when the children get bored. This vehicle comprises of an inbuilt DVD player (Toyota) that provides the children with adequate entertainment. It is worth denoting that this vehicle boasts of style both inside and outside. It immensely appeals to those individuals searching for a superior quality finish on the family vehicle. It is imperative to state that the outer design of this vehicle appeals to all the members of the family. The rangy profile and chrome accents give this car a superb finish, making it ideal for traveling with style for either business or corporate use. Moreover, it constitutes of alloy wheels with stylish luscious looks (Toyota). This vehicle boasts of foldable seats that give further room for shopping items. However, this vehicle comprises of advanced inbuilt car technology (Toyota) that twists every family drive into a bona fide experience. The Bluetooth capability p ermits the individual to make calls safely through the audio system while still driving. It is imperative to say that this technology aids in delivering an improved and secure driving experience. Entry 2 Gifted hands, is a book by Ben Carson, a famous neurosurgeon (Phillips). It is imperative to say that he gained global recognition for his role in the initial successful severance of Siamese twins. The immensely multifaceted and fragile operation constituted of a surgical plan that Carson aided to initiate. It is worth denoting that Carson pioneered again in an odd procedure known as hemispherectomy (Phillips). This involves offering children with no hope a second chance to live through a courageous operation in which he plainly extracted some part of the brain. It is worth denoting that these breakthroughs are usual. It is imperative to say that he has been beating odds since childhood. He lacked motivation because a mother, who had a third grade education, raised him. He scored po orly in school, but his mother convinced him that he could achieve a lot so long as he was positive with life, and did not allow the current circumstances to prevent him from achieving his goal. However, a persistent belief in his capabilities, trust in God, and absolute determination catapulted him from failing grades to being the top in class. He holds twenty doctorates, possesses a variety of awards, and honors (Phillips). It is imperative to state that gifted hands, is an inspirational story of a person’s secret to success, challenged against disheartening odds, and prompted by an implausible mindset that dares to take risks. This book enables one to learn of surgeries that made history globally, and into the clandestine mind of a kindhearted physician who lives in order to help others (Phillips). Throughout the book, it all reveals a humility and quick wit style that makes this book unforgettable. It is worth denoting that he never fails in each chapter to mention someon e particularly God, to whom he owes gratitude. Entry 3 Hold my hand is a collaborative song done by Michael Jackson and Akon (Aiyanna). It is imperative to say that this song is largely autobiographical in nature as Michael describes his own personal life to the world around us, hoping that we would discover and comprehend the significance of holding an individual's hand and walking the world jointly instead of walking alone as he did. It ultimately resulted to his fate

Business Sustainability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Sustainability - Research Paper Example To determine the extent in which the SME owners in Auburn city should support the use of modern digital infrastructure, a research interview was conducted to a total of ten (10) SME business owners in Auburn city. In line with this, the research findings show that the research interviewees are not aware of how the NBN can intervene and help them improve the quality and accessibility of their corporate websites. Despite the limitation in the research interviewees’ knowledge with regards to the use of the fixed wireless network, the next-generation satellite, and the optic fiber network, most of the research interviewees show the positive sign when it comes to supporting the use of modern digital infrastructure.   The Broadband, Communication and Digital Economy (DBCDE) is one of the Federal Government departments in Australia that has been appointed to be responsible throughout the development of its digital economy (CB Online, 2013). To increase the chances wherein the gener al public will continuously have a good experience when using digital technology, DBCDE continuously develop and enhance not only the existing digital infrastructure in Australia but also promote the facilitation of its future innovation and set up necessary regulatory framework particularly with regards to the service and use of information and communication technology (Australian Government - Department of Communications, 2013; CB Online, 2013). On the other hand, the National Broadband Network (NBN) is â€Å"the next-generation broadband network designed for Australia’s future needs† (Australian Government - Department of Broadband, Communications and Digital Economy, 2013). It means that through the business intervention of the NBN, it is possible for Australia to come up with a more reliable and faster broadband access to the local residents and the businesses.As of May 2013, NBN was able to construct an optic fiber network in Armidale, Aspley, Bacchus Marsh, Brun swick, Blacktown, Coffs Harbour, Crace, Deloraine, George Town, Gosford, Hobart, Kiama, Kingston Beach, Launceston, Midway Point, Scottsdale, Smithton, Sorell, South Morang, St Helens, Toowoomba, Townsville, Triabunna, and Willunga whereas the fixed wireless network is made available in Armidale, Ballarat, Darwin, Geraldton, Tamworth, and Toowoomba (Australian Government – Department of Broadband, Communications and Digital Economy, 2013). Unfortunately, these two (2) major digital technology infrastructures are not much readily available in Auburn city.  

A losed-Loop Theory of Motor Learning Term Paper

A losed-Loop Theory of Motor Learning - Term Paper Example The basic aspects must be executed properly in order to enable one to focus and direct attention to other concerns. As practice continues under proper conditions, certain changes will definitely take place. Learning is conducted through distinctive stages that start with cognitive concepts to automatic performance concepts. 1. Gliding through the ice, where this was the earliest form of ice skating. This was featured in the older types of skates that were made of bones. This allowed the skaters to glide or rather slide over the surface of the ice. The principle in gliding on the bone-made skates was possible due to the larger surface area in contact with the ice, along with the thin film of water between the skates and the ice surface. 2. Cutting into the ice, which is the modern adaptation of ice skates. These skates feature a metallic blade (mostly steel), which would then cut through the ice to a certain depth which therefore aided in motion in traversing through the ice. The sharp edges in the edge of the skates aides in moving through the ice due to the fact that the sharp edges provide low friction in moving through the ice. This method though adopted in modern ice skates, was developed between the thirteenth and fourteenth century by the Dutch. The birth of ice skating dates back to the BC era, three thousand years back. As mentioned earlier, the early forms of skates were made from bones, specifically animal bones dues to the rigidity in the structure. It was later that metal was used to replace animal bones. Animal bones along with leather were used to make skates that were known as ‘schenkel’ by the Dutch, who the early inventors or discoverers were of ice skating. Ice skating then gained major popularity in the United States of America, during the civil war era (Kleim et al. 2002).  

Read the attached book chapter (Sandel (2009) Doing the Right Thing, Essay

Read the attached book chapter (Sandel (2009) Doing the Right Thing, Justice). its only 3 pages - Essay Example Each of these ideas points to a different way of thinking about justice†. (Sandel 6) Advocates of price gauging laws promote the need of a third party (the government) to step in to ensure that practices such as these do not direcly effect the consumer in a negative way. However, those that argue for freer markets such as Thomas Sowell merely state that such practice is a necessary action of a market that attempts to justify supply and demand in a crisis situation. In other words, these are prices that consumers are willing to pay to suppliers so an equalibrium is met within the markets. This in effect boils down to a question of welfare versus freedom of the market/consumer and/or supplier. As such, arguments for regulation point to the fact that in times of a crisis or emergency there is no â€Å"free† market as individuals are forced to consume necessities such as lodging, food, and fuel and are at the mercy of suppliers awho lord over them in an extortionary way. Furthermore, the brief write up grapples with the fact that our current economic system is dominated by greed; accordingly, it attempts to juxtapose this fact with the claim that greed is not in and of itself evil – yet too much greed is. What is of interest to this particular author is the fact that from an free market economic standpoint it is rational to allow the practice of price gauging to take place as it is merely a represetnation of dynamic supply and demand and the complex interplay between consumer and supplier with regards to what equilibrium they can agree to meet. However, when one realizes that the economic system under which our nation operates is quite a far cry from a true free market, the need for and positive benefits that regulation provide can only then be fully

Computer think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computer think - Essay Example Actually, the majority current calculators are truly a kind of computers, with several pre-installed application programs to assist in solving complicated and difficult jobs. In addition, the computers have greatly influenced over lives. They have totally transformed the working practice of business domains. Moreover, they have brought revolution in mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography, Banking and various other disciplines of life (McGuigan and Wallace), (Norton) and (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat). This paper presents a detailed overview of computers, their largest impact or influence on our thinking and our life. This paper will analyze some of the important aspects of computers throughout our life. This paper will also evaluate that how computer has enriched various walks of our life. Then I will present the impact of modern technology of computer in a community. An introduction to computers At the moment each particular individual is familiar with the term computer. Due to t heir massive utilization we are able to discover computer systems at all over our surroundings. Actually current world will be imperfect without computer systems as well as their utilization in various walks of life. It’s approximately impractical to yet visualize the recent benefits and services exclusive of the utilization of computer systems. A lot of persons might recognize that computer implies a PC, over which they are able to watch movies, play interesting games, organize staff records as well as handle every day planning, activities and development. However, this is only a simple fraction of computer expertise. Therefore, computer implies even more than a personal computer. In this scenario, a computer could be referred as a device which accepts data and instructions carry out processing and functions consequently. In addition, these controlled instructions are recognized as computer software and computer systems implement this software to perform a function. Moreover , during a specified instant of time, a group of instructions can be provided to a computer to execute a number of processes, all together (The Gemini Geek). Computer Technology Vs Calculators Similar to computer systems, another device known as calculator as well obtain data or instruction like an input and return back to the users in the form of useful information. However, a calculator is able to offer perform operations on a current and instant input simply. Therefore, computers can perform a collection of instructions simultaneously; consequently a computer system is able to work like a constant employee. In addition, computers give information for particular instructions using a determined way, thus there is no need to input a single data or instruction at a given instant of time. Moreover, an individual computer system is able to manipulate a variety of instructions all together. Due to this special trait, computer systems may show an ample impact and useful services and func tionalities like banking, transport, safety, management interaction etc (The Gemini Geek) Computer Utilities At the moment computers have been classified according to their capabilities. Considering their utilization and service function they could be divided into different kinds. In this scenario, the fastest computers available in the marketplace are known as

Influence and change in organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Influence and change in organizations - Essay Example Since the â€Å"creativity, innovation, individuality, and independence† of the workforce decreases out of poor teamwork (Robertson, Callinan and Bartram, 2002, p. 29), the overall work performance of a team tends to suffer. Also known as interpersonal interaction conflict, another factor that can trigger a significant decline in work performance is the presence of relationship conflict. Based on the research study that was conducted by Martinez-Moreno et al. (2009), the presence of relationship conflict when combined with process conflict could severely damage the team performance. Similar to the research findings of Martinez-Moreno et al. (2009), explained that the presence of positive and negative mood has a significant impact over the level of relationship conflict. According to De Dreu and Weingart (2003), relationship conflict occurs when the team members encounter interpersonal disagreements with one another. When left unresolved, the presence of task-related and relati onship conflicts could adversely affect the team members’ desire and satisfaction to work with the group (Bono et al., 2002). In most cases, having a large group of unsatisfied team members is enough to motivate themselves to withdraw themselves from working with the team. Given that the number of unsatisfied team members is high, the chance wherein the group performance would decrease increases. In the past, several studies revealed that the presence of interpersonal disagreements could negatively affect the mood, feelings, and work attitude of the involved team members (De Dreu and Weingart 2003; Bono et al., 2002). With this in mind, it is clear that the presence of relationship conflict can be considered as a hindrance towards the ability of the team to improve the quality of their group performances. Since the presence of relationship conflict can create an unhealthy work environment, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) should challenge himself to keep on searching for new ways on how to effectively solve issues not only related to relationship conflict but also that of a task-related conflict. To improve team performance, the CEO should be aware of the importance of having a good leadership approach. Basically, a good leadership skill is necessary to increase the ability of the CEO to motivate the team members to become not only a self-directed employee but also an active team member who can be easily directed to work towards a single organizational goal (Bambacas and Patrickson, 2008; Mayfield and Mayfield, 2006; Barbuto, 2005). In this case, the use of transformational leadership style is effective in terms of encouraging the rest of the team members to work well without much need of supervision (Winston and Patterson, 2006; Barbuto, 2005). To accomplish a collective goal, each of the team members is expected to work interdependently as they convert their inputs into a group performance (Marks, Mathieu and Zaccaro, 2001). However, the presence of conflicts makes the team unable to accomplish a collective goal. By nature, task-related or informational conflict and relationship conflict differs from one another. For this reason, Curseu (2011) strongly suggest that the CEO should carefully select the best leadership style that could effectively solve the type of disagreement. For instance, when solving problems related to relati

Computer think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computer think - Essay Example Actually, the majority current calculators are truly a kind of computers, with several pre-installed application programs to assist in solving complicated and difficult jobs. In addition, the computers have greatly influenced over lives. They have totally transformed the working practice of business domains. Moreover, they have brought revolution in mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography, Banking and various other disciplines of life (McGuigan and Wallace), (Norton) and (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat). This paper presents a detailed overview of computers, their largest impact or influence on our thinking and our life. This paper will analyze some of the important aspects of computers throughout our life. This paper will also evaluate that how computer has enriched various walks of our life. Then I will present the impact of modern technology of computer in a community. An introduction to computers At the moment each particular individual is familiar with the term computer. Due to t heir massive utilization we are able to discover computer systems at all over our surroundings. Actually current world will be imperfect without computer systems as well as their utilization in various walks of life. It’s approximately impractical to yet visualize the recent benefits and services exclusive of the utilization of computer systems. A lot of persons might recognize that computer implies a PC, over which they are able to watch movies, play interesting games, organize staff records as well as handle every day planning, activities and development. However, this is only a simple fraction of computer expertise. Therefore, computer implies even more than a personal computer. In this scenario, a computer could be referred as a device which accepts data and instructions carry out processing and functions consequently. In addition, these controlled instructions are recognized as computer software and computer systems implement this software to perform a function. Moreover , during a specified instant of time, a group of instructions can be provided to a computer to execute a number of processes, all together (The Gemini Geek). Computer Technology Vs Calculators Similar to computer systems, another device known as calculator as well obtain data or instruction like an input and return back to the users in the form of useful information. However, a calculator is able to offer perform operations on a current and instant input simply. Therefore, computers can perform a collection of instructions simultaneously; consequently a computer system is able to work like a constant employee. In addition, computers give information for particular instructions using a determined way, thus there is no need to input a single data or instruction at a given instant of time. Moreover, an individual computer system is able to manipulate a variety of instructions all together. Due to this special trait, computer systems may show an ample impact and useful services and func tionalities like banking, transport, safety, management interaction etc (The Gemini Geek) Computer Utilities At the moment computers have been classified according to their capabilities. Considering their utilization and service function they could be divided into different kinds. In this scenario, the fastest computers available in the marketplace are known as

Social revolution and unity (Volksgemeinschaft) by 1939 Essay Example for Free

Social revolution and unity (Volksgemeinschaft) by 1939 Essay To what extent do you consider that Hitler and the Nazis had achieved their aim of social revolution and unity (Volksgemeinschaft) by 1939? Here I will be looking at Hitlers rule in Germany from 1933-1939 where Hitler and the Nazis took up Germany in a state of economic depression after losing World War One, their aim was to create a Volksgemeinschaft; a classless society with unprecedented social mobility and egalitarianism. The American historian Schoenbaum in his book Hitlers social revolution (1960) argued that there where evident changes in the structures of society and in social values, which I do agree with to some extent and I can see evidence to show that Hitlers aim was achieved in certain areas of his economy; but failed in others. To come to an overall conclusion I will be looking at each area that Hitlers rule had major effects on to see how it helped him in creating a Volksgemeinschaft. In order for Hitler to create his Volksgemeinschaft he would need loyal Germans who would follow the Nazi vision. To do this Hitler was focusing on the young by giving them a pro-Nazi education, which indoctrinated them with their ideology and discarded opposing views. 1. In my great educative work.I am beginning with the young. We older ones are used up, but my magnificent youngsters. With them I can make a new world Hitlers aim for the male youth was to create a healthy and obedient class that were fit for war, this evolved their schooling being very physical and P.E took up 15% of a males timetable. The male youths would also learn about military and geography in classes, keeping information guide-lined so that the students would not study subjects that taught them things that might contradict Nazism. From this you can see evidence that Hitler was creating a very fit and military like male youth which was what he wanted for his Volksgemeinschaft The aim for girls was very different however and their education was formed mainly around preparing them to be the perfect mothers and wives, including subjects such as Eugenics which would teach them how to look for the perfect husband-someone of the Aryan race. This also helped to create a Volksgemeinschaft because it showed girls to be mothers and discouraged work. Nazis kept strict observations over the teachers to make sure that they were teaching correctly and had every teacher vetted. Any considered to be disloyal would be sacked, whilst their job role was reduced greatly so that they did not have much power. Even the cleaners wages where higher than theirs. In schools Hitlers views on race and purity was enforced, and children were encouraged to discriminate against the social outcasts (Volksfeind) mainly Jews, Gypsies and homosexuals. Children would learn about how it was the Jewish spies that caused Germanys defeat in WW1, and would have questions aimed at familiarising them with anti-Semitic views. As the youth helped insure the survival of the Nazis, Hitler also made youth groups; these where large communities of out of school clubs that would participate in activities and procedures based around fitness and Nazi ideology. The Nazi youth groups where joined after pledging an oath to the German people and Furher, showing that they where pro-Nazi. This however was not always honest and some youths joined because of the activities and fun that they could get out of it which can be seen in the source below 2. I was, however not thinking of the Furher, nor of serving the German people, when I raised my right hand, but of the attractive prospect of participating in exiting activities away from school and home Which shows that not everyone was convinced by Hitler and truly believed In the Nazis, suggesting that they where not truly successful in this area; although they are keeping the youths fit. In 1934 the youth groups where made mandatory, this rose the figures of attendance dramatically and only excluded non Germans specifically Jews; which made them look like outcasts and enticed youths to discriminate them; which helped him in his Volksgemeinschaft as he only wanted a pure Germen society. Among practical activities the youth groups would teach the children through lectures and song; Splitting the girls and boys keeping the ideological Nazi roles compulsory. The boys would be given military drills and kept in competition with each other, making them flourish to exceed and make their family proud; which seems to have hit the youths mentally as they wanted to win. The children however where kept at the youth groups almost every night and would not have time for school work, which did stop the childrens education but may not have been to bad for the Volksgemeinschaft because he wanted them to stay fit more than intellectual Hitler did however face some mild opposition to the Nazi youth groups with some people refusing to join (until it was made mandatory), and groups such as the Edelweiss Pirates Where formed, these groups did not dare openly oppose the Nazis but would mock them by copying their uniforms and traits. This opposition although very small does show that not everyone was convinced by the Nazis, although many historians said these groups where exaggerated. Looking at the Hitler youth I do think that they where over-all extremely successful in creating a Volksgemeinschaft for the youth; which is partially because they where very impressionable, and did create an obedient and health youth ready for war; although their disregard for intellect suggest they may be lacking in intelligence when it comes to war. Women where important to Hitler in his Volksgemeinschaft because they insured the growth of the population in preparation for war, he wanted all women to fit in the society as mothers and wives of the Aryan race who had many children. To try and encourage German woman to have more children, Hitler made the birth grants and marriage loans higher so that women would have more money to have larger families. He also introduced the mothers cross (Mutterkreuz), this was a series of medals awarded to women the more children they had, with the highest gold medal granted for eight children. This however was not largely successful which can be seen from the evidence that the average amount of children per household dropped from 3.6 in 1933 to 3.3 in 1939, showing women where having less children although the actual population had risen by nearly half a million, suggesting that more women where having children. In universities only 10% of the students were allowed to be female which lowered their education and forced some of them to stay in the house To try and discourage women from disobeying the Nazi views, their where punishments such as higher taxes for women who did not have children, which is evidence that the Nazis couldnt do much to control women as punishing them physically could have led to an up-roar. Hitler used propaganda to show women the ideal German woman; this would include pictures that would show women and the family together, this would show women to have a fuller figure with blonde hair and blue eyes (being a true Aryan) and married to an Aryan German. Here he was also promoting the Aryan families and discouraged marriages to non-Germans, which were eventually banned although there is evidence of unlawful marriages taking place; showing that some women disregarded the Nazis and is evidence towards the Nazis having a pure German society. To ensure that women had many children and stayed at home, women at work were discouraged and their wages where made much lower. However, the amount of women in work had risen from11.48 million in 1933 to 12.7 million in 1939, this is because of Germany preparing for war and they had to have women doing the jobs that the men couldnt do whilst they where away. This shows that the Nazis contradicted themselves and the birth rate would have been affected by this. Looking at women in the Volksgemeinschaft I do not think that Hitler was successful although he did force the Nazi views on many women, this can be seen in education and taxes being changed in the womens favour, making a clear incentive for women. Although you can see that many women ignored the Nazis efforts and women actually had fewer children, suggesting the women where showing some slight opposition by ignoring the Nazis. As well as the Nazis flaw in trying to stop women from going to work where they had to if the country was preparing for war. Hitler saw Christianity and faith as an obstacle for his Volksgemeinschaft and was trying to ultimately remove it, this can be seen in the quote below this shows he only wanted the Nazi worshipped. 3 You are ever Christian or a German, you cant be both One of Hitlers first attempts was the creation of a state supported Reich church in 1933, which was the joining of many protestant churches to create a new religion of Nazi ideas, creating a positive Christianity; which was a term used by Nazi leaders to refer to a modal of Christianity consistent with Nazism. Hitler enforced members of the SA to attend the church meeting and they wanted to restructure Protestantism into a racially based brand of Christianity, including some extremists who would follow with Nazi uniforms and Nazi salutes trying to convince people to this new religion. The new Reich church was not liked by everyone however. This can be seen in September 1933, when over 100 pastors broke from the Reich church and formed their own confessional church because they said that religion could not be based on blood and race. Showing clear opposition Hitler had made Ludwig Muller the bishop of the Reich church, but he became very extreme and tried to make pastors take an oath of loyalty to Hitler, which proceeded to him arresting two protestant bishops causing a public outcry, this embarrassed Hitler who distanced himself from him; showing that the public threatened the Nazis Hitler did not like the Catholic Church as they had power from many parts of the world, which is why he signed a treaty with the catholic pope- Stating that the Catholic Church could not interfere in politics where in return the Catholic Church would not be interfered with by the state. This temporarily removed them as opposition There was some opposition from the people to Hitlers anti-church activities, this can be seen by in Bavaria people continuing to use the traditional greeting of gruss grot (god greet you) rather than the approved heil Hitler Hitler did have some effects on people and religion, one of these was by making Hitler youth groups mandatory by 1936 which would teach the children positive Christianity and Nazi beliefs, abandoning the catholic groups. This would have had an effect on them because they where young and had to do it. Hitler also changed religious education in schools, even removing all crucifixes. Parents where pressured to send their children to state schools and not catholic ones, which did work as in 1935 65% of children attended church schools which dropped to 5% by 1939. This shows many children where forced into this religion Overall I think that Hitler failed to achieve his aims with Christianity. The evidence that some people chose to ignore Hitlers greetings and that the confessional church broke form the Reich however, is clear evidence of opposition even if it is small scale. But he could not change the minds of people (especially mature). For Hitler to change society he needed to make it self sufficient and ready for war, when Hitler rose into power he removed the treaty of Versile which gave him a lot of respect from Germans because it left their country defenceless and in economic depression. For a social-revolution Hitler started with the unemployment rate and was very successful, he gave the unemployed jobs needed to re-build the country (building roads); figures show the number of unemployed was 5,575,500 in 1933 to 302,000 in 1939 this shows he was extremely successful in recovering the economy. The pay and condition however where disliked and although people where grateful to be in work they had no trade union to complain too. To prepare Hitler for war he needed to become self-sufficient (Autarky); although Germany still imported 33% of its raw materials, and the government was in debt of 40-billion by 1939. This shows that they where not successful. The Nazi cultural policy had views on art and preceded with Hitlers preference, Hitler thought that art should be realistic, showing pictures linked to Germany and even used as propaganda. To show what he liked Hitler made the exhibit of great-German-art and of degenerate art, although this was meant to be disliked, statistics show 2 million Germans attended the degenerate exhibition were only 600,000 that attended the German-art. This suggests that the people liked the modern art more and did not agree with the Nazi culture When Hitler rose to power he also created the strength-through-joy (KDF), this was an organisation for leisure in Germany. This imposed cheap holidays that where envied by other countries, sold tickets to concerts and made gyms used by 3 million Germans by 1935, these where very popular and gave Germany a good image. However the cruise-holidays where often used by the Germans to party; which is not what the Nazis intended As part of Hitlers Volksgemeinschaft he wanted to create a master-German race and excluded certain members of society from this (mainly Jews, gypsies and homosexuals) known as the Volksfeind; with no impurities. The Nazis blamed the Jews for losing WW1 and used this justify their actions, the Nazis used propaganda to raise hatred against the Jews, they removed Jewish rights whilst banning them from schools and businesses- even banning marriages between Jews and non-Jews. As more extreme measures began to commence the Jews where stripped of their citizenship from the Reich-citizenship-law; even made to where the Star of David badge, with homosexuals wearing a pink triangle. All of this and other discrimination acts show that the Nazis where extremely effective in excluding the Volksfeind and did create their intended social Volksgemeinschaft. To remove all impurity from Germany Hitler also sought to rid Germany of all mentally disabled and infertile, and tried to justify it to the German people. He used propaganda in education to familiarise people with this: 4 The construction of a lunatic asylum costs 6-million RM. How many houses at 15,000 RM each could have been built for that amount? This quote shows how the maths questions were intimidating Germans to see the mentally ill as Volksfeind, suggesting they where successful. I think that the exclusion of the Volksfeind was the most successful part of the Volksgemeinschaft and Hitler was successful in removing them, which can be seen from him killing the mentally ill and removing the Jews citizenship. Overall, looking at Hitlers attempts at creating a Volksgemeinschaft, I do not think that he was ultimately successful; although I can see evident examples in society where the Nazis had a dramatic impact An example of this was in the social aspect, I think that Hitler was extremely successful in excluding the Volksfeind from society, this was because many Germans where appreciative to him because he had brought them out of an economic depression caused by WW1- getting them jobs, whilst he did keep a very strict lookout over them with his SA helping him to achieve a Volksgemeinschaft. This made many Germans reluctant to oppose him, where the biggest opposition he had came from the Edelweiss pirates and the Confessional Church; plus statistical suggestions that the women where revolting against him by having fewer children. In creating a revolution however, I do not think that he was successful but could have been in the future, this is because he had a very strong impact on youths lives and succeeded in creating very militant youths that where only taught Nazi policies; although the adults could not be convinced in this way and he had little effect on them. Hitler however did have huge failures in the areas of women and religion, this is because the roles he choose for women could not be practised; as they needed women to work in war, and not many people agreed with the Reich Church; having very little effect. Overall, I do not think that he created a Volksgemeinschaft although he could have done if they had time and the community was all born into Nazi rule. 1 Herman Rauschnig, Hitler Speaks (1939) 2 Marianne Gartner, a German girl in one of Hitlers youth groups 3 Hitler in a private conversation in 1933, in Hitler Speaks by Hermann Rauschnig 4 Tests from German maths text books

About early marriage

About early marriage Introduction: In many different countries and parts of the world, young womens marriage before the age of 18 is a reality to be lived. Some studies were made using 40 Demographic and Health Surveys show that a considerable percentage of women in civilized and developed countries continue to marry at an early age. The statistics showed 20-25% of women get married at the age of 18, and 40-70% of women marry at the age of twenty. Early marriage is widely spread in Africa and South Asia, and is least common in North Africa, Middle East, and Southeast Asia (International Family Planning Perspectives, 22:148-157 175, 1996). Overview about early marriage: Some previous presentations showed that the phenomenon of early marriage was related to the high poverty and social constraints due to conflicts, political and economical obstacles, instability, and shortage of services in education, housing, and professional development. Consequently, it was common that parents would encourage their daughters to get married at an early age in hopes that this marriage will enhance both their financial and social status. However, early marriage for young girls is considered as a form of violation of human rights, since it compromises the physical, mental, psychological, educational and emotional development of girls. This tradition could be a harmful practice; and consequently, its harmful effects are many. For instance, girls will be denied the right to freely express their views, the right to be defended against detrimental and devastating traditional practices. Moreover, early marriage requires the performance of heavy household and marital respons ibilities including the raising of children. The question here raises itself, how will child mothers raise their children while they are still children themselves. For this reason, the following research studies the awareness students have about the causes and effects of early marriage, and questions their opinion on whether they support or not early marriage. Gathering Data: In order to determine the way of gathering and receiving the information, we have first structured and designed a questionnaire, and then asked 70 randomly selected female students to fill in the questionnaire form. Questionnaire Design: The questionnaire included 8 questions that started with general questions about the age and the marital status of the respondents; then we have tackled more topic- related questions regarding the suitable age for marriage and why in the respondents opinion it is regarded as a suitable age for marriage, the causes and effects of early marriage, whether divorce is considered as the most common effect of early marriage, and finally whether the respondents agree or disagree on early marriage. Questionnaire Results: Over a period of 2 days, we have distributed 100 questionnaires among the students and the returned response rate was 70 %. Given that this questionnaire was conducted in a very short period of time; however, we have received a considerable and impressive response rate from the students, this reflects that the questionnaire has stimulated an extraordinary interest in the topic. Location Questionnaires Distributed Questionnaires Returned Percentage of Return Rate Abu Dhabi University 100 70 70 % We have composed our database on the basis of tallying the numbered questions, where the questions that offered a multiple choice of responses were allocated with different alphabetical letters. Statistical Data and Graph Analysis: Age of the Respondents: As shown in the pie graph below, and based on the results we have gathered from our questionnaire, the highest proportion which is 65 % of the respondents ages ranged between 20 and 25 years old; where 22.8% of the respondents were below 20 years old. On the other hand, a very small percentage of 8.57 of the participants age ranged between 26 and 30 years old, where as the lowest rate of 2.86 % were for the respondents whose age is above 30 years old. Marital Status: The following diagram shows the marital status of the students who participated in the survey. Statistics showed that the majority or 80 % of the respondents are single; whereas only 20 % are married. Among the 20 % of the married respondents, 28.5% were married below the age of 18, 7.2 % were married at the age of 20, 28.5% were in union above the age of 22; yet, at the descriptive point, 35.7 % was the proportion of women who didnt mention at what age they got married. What is the suitable age for marriage? Marriageable age (or marriage age) as defined by Wikipedia is, â€Å"the age at which a person is allowed to marry, either as of right or subject to parental or other forms of consent†. However, in our questionnaire, we have asked the students their opinion about the suitable age for marriage. The statistics that we have gathered on this query was bounded to two choices out of four. Though, both choices form a percentage that might be considered to be significant; however, there are differences. The percentage claiming that the suitable age for marriage ranges between 20 and 25 years old was noticeably high, as it reached 74.29 %. On the other hand, 25.71 % of the respondents consider that the age ranging between 26 and 30 is the ideal age for marriage. As we have previously mentioned that the aim and objective of our research is to study the level of awareness women have about the impact early marriage has on women and how it can affect or threat the fulfillment of young womens rights. Therefore, through our questionnaire, we developed further questions that would allow us to tackle more deep issues about the subject and that would enable us to highlight the respondents opinion regarding specific details. For instance, as a continuation for the previous question, we asked the students why they think that the age they have selected to be a suitable age for marriage is in their opinion suitable. Likewise, we have listed a list of possible reasons for them to choose. The 74.29 % who supports marriage between 20 and 25 years old justified their choice as follows: The reading can be presented in the following percentages: 33.64 % responded: Able and ready for household responsibilities 32.71% responded: Will have mental maturity 25.35 % responded: Able and physically ready to have children 9.86 % responded: Will provide her an economic and financial stability 0 % Dont Know 0 % Other Analysis: We can tell that there is a strong proximity between the first two choices; where the majority believes that girls between 20 and 25 years old will be able and ready to bear the domestic responsibilities and will have the maturity level that would enable her to face constrained decisions in life. A close percentage of responses supported the fact that at this same age, girls would reach a physical maturity that would enable her to have children. Conversely, figures supporting the choice that marriage can provide the girl a stable financial status were minor in comparison to the other choices. As for the 25.7 % of those who support marriage between 26 and 230 years, had different justification which are read as follows: 34.29% responded: Able and ready for household responsibilities 22.86% responded: Will have mental maturity 28.57 % responded: Able and physically ready to have children 11.43 % responded: Will provide her an economic and financial stability 0 % Dont Know 2.86 % Other 34.29% responded: Able and ready for household responsibilities 22.86% responded: Will have mental maturity 28.57 % responded: Able and physically ready to have children 11.43 % responded: Will provide her an economic and financial stability 0 % Dont Know 2.86 % Other The responses for this group of respondents were not so far from that of the first group. We can spot out from the closeness in percentage rates that there is a somehow similarity and consistency in responses. The above readings would indicate that approximately there are three factors that mostly contribute in determining the suitable age for marriage. These factors are: The ability and readiness to hold domestic duties, mental maturity, and finally the physical readiness to have children.

John Steinbecks East of Eden - Confused Notions of Good and Evil :: East Eden Essays

Confused Notions of Good and Evil in East of Eden East of Eden is an epic novel about individual ethics - whether men and women have the power to choose between good and evil. East of Eden, to be polite, it is not Steinbeck's best novel. Not by a long shot. Steinbeck had wrestled with a moral question and lost. It was as though he had been thinking about life, but not too deeply. "East of Eden" was a third-rate best seller, the story of two American families over three generations, seven decades from the Civil War to World War I, told in a book that confuses us with contradictions, that lacks fictional concentration and that wanders in and around too many themes. Clifton Fadiman once said it was wrong to describe Steinbeck as a hard boiled writer. Well, if a comparison with eggs is necessary, "East of Eden" is an overdone omelet. Steinbeck himself worried about its weaknesses. In a letter to his editor, he said, "It's kind of a sloppy sounding book, but it's not sloppy, really." Well, it was sloppy. Begging the forgiveness of the people who gave Steinbeck the Pulitizer and the Nobel Prizes for Literature, there are portions of "East of Eden" that sound like something out of Freshman Composition I. Some of the syntax seems like scrambled eggs: - "All around the main subject the brothers beat." - "The wrinkles around them (his eyes) were drawn in radial lines inward by laughter." - "In human affairs of danger and delicate success, conclusion is sharply limited by hurry." All of which sounds a bit like Charlie Chan explaining life to No. 1 son. Steinbeck's "East of Eden" now has been adapted for television by ABC, an eight-hour presentation beginning tonight (Channel 5, 8 to 11), tomorrow (9 to 11) and Wednesday (8 to 11). This is no cheapie. Ten years in the making, "East of Eden" was shot on location at a cost of $11.2 million, with Savannah, Ga. standing in for Connecticut scenes and Salinas, Cal. for itself. ABC boasts in a press release that the 1955 film starring James Dean covered only a small portion of "East of Eden," while the 1981 film attempts to depict the entire novel. Ironically, by the way, today (Sunday) is the 50th anniversary of Dean's birth.