Influence of Music free essay sample

Music and radio has establishes In American culture and the manner in which society Is today. The various sorts of music classifications have formed American culture and social conduct of Americans. Sound media has affected the mentalities of Americans and particularly todays youth and youthful grown-ups. Music and radio has given American culture its qualities, the way that Jazz, blues, and R;B made stone ; move, music made American culture. Music requests to youthful grown-ups, and youth as a departure to the difficult situations of reality. Drawn by the express verses and beats, the young consistently scans out for music to move to and music to associate with. American culture has been consistently changing because of music and what is known as mainstream society. The should be acknowledged in a specific social gathering has a ton to do with music. Music acquired a social move the race isolation, dark craftsmen playing music with white specialists and for blended crowds. We will compose a custom paper test on Impact of Music or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page American culture before the asss was a severe isolation culture and music took into account the obstruction to be broken.Artists utilizing sexual Innuendoes and different jokes changed what as the standard of ethics and qualities and put a more liar point of view toward such things. Music has impacted the transparency of sexuality and sexual direction. An ever increasing number of craftsmen are open about their sexuality, making even more an ordinary thing in American Culture. Being gay used to be evaded, and now it is transparently celebrated. These things are a direct result of music. The radio began playing what was known as race music on white stations and this caused It so many Americans to can hear and be presented to a wide scope of music.Becoming increasingly satisfactory stone and OLL, punk, and hip bounce have affected the adolescents and youthful grown-ups of American culture. The asss carried the resistance out of adolescents with underground rock music, while the us hip-jump has bigly affected style and perspectives of individuals. Music has formed American culture from various perspectives, a method of communicating ones conclusions and uniting gatherings of individuals with comparable Ideals and feelings. A method of bringing what was various societies together and making one culture, The American Culture. Awesome is a type of music that has perpetually changed the social conduct ofAmericans. Awesome has affected American culture in the day by day life, design and mentalities of most Americans. Awesome broke the race blockade, framing in a period of a social equality development. Awesome was another type of music that empowered integration. Advancing dark craftsmen and white specialists playing dark Rock and move put a view of sex, medications, and liquor to be acknowledged and what is viewed as cool. Specialists singing about taking medications, or connecting with arbitrary lady made it something to be admired. Awesome impacted youthful grown-ups to take part in hazardous behavior.Now is American culture, these things are nearly viewed as typical. Awesome formed design and is ceaselessly evolving style. Fans duplicate styles of their preferred specialists as an approach to communicate ones self. From tore up, close, or loose jeans, long hair, shaded hair, or shaved heads, the design is continually evolving. A few styles returning and showing up in American culture, a ton of design originates from Rock and roll. Puncturing and tattoos once taboo, is turning out to be increasingly more adequate in American culture. It isn't stupor to see businessmen and homemakers with tattoos.Rock and roll has impacted this adjustment in American culture and tattoos are ordinary. Awesome specialists have changed the manner in which sexuality and sexual direction is taken a gander at. Awesome has made it alright to be gay and alright to dress how somebody needs. Awesome has given the joyful mentality to youthful grown-ups. American culture has changed into a screw society, ethics and qualities kind of demeanor, in view of what awesome has made society. Awesome has given a feeling of network to specific gatherings of individuals who share beliefs and values, and unites them into a specific setting. Awesome has majorly affected social conduct of Americans and American culture. Music affects social conduct and mentalities of Americans. Music gives individuals an outlet to communicate their assessments. Sound media has connections to American societies in consistently, changing and shaping American into what it is today. Since the sasss even, individuals have searched out music as an approach to associate with others. Sound media is a regularly evolving thing, which will consistently think about the social conduct and perspectives of Americans.

Privacy Supportive Geo-Location Search Software

Protection Supportive Geo-Location Search Software Devika BV 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose The motivation behind this archive is to introduce a point by point depiction of the Locating Service Similarity with Privacy utilizing inquiries. It will clarify the reason and highlights of the framework, the interfaces of the framework, what the framework will do, the requirements under which it must work and how the framework will respond to outside boosts. 1.2 Document Conventions 1.3 Product Scope This web application is picked for a scholastic investigation and execution. Area based applications use the situating abilities of a cell phone to decide the present area of a client, and alter inquiry results to incorporate neighboring purposes of interests. Be that as it may, area information is frequently seen as close to home data. One of the quick issues upsetting the wide acknowledgment of area based applications is the absence of fitting techniques that offer fine grain protection controls to a client without boundlessly influencing the convenience of the administration. In explicit, coming up next are the commitments towards this venture. An epic design for LBS applications that is coordinated towards uncovering protection/utility exchange offs to a client before a real geo-labeled question is made. A proof-of-idea plan for a protection strong neighborhood search area based inquiry. 1.4 References Abusing Service Similarity for Privacy in Location Based Search Queries Qin Liu, Guojun Rinku Dewri, Member, IEEE, and Ramakrisha Thurimella IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS VOL:25 NO:2 YEAR 2014 â€Å"Supporting Anonymous Location Queries in Mobile Environments with Privacy Grid,†in Proceedings of the seventeenth International World Wide Web Conference,2008, pp. 237â€246. B. Bamba, L. Liu, P. Pesti, and T. Wang 2. By and large Description This area will give a review of the entire framework. The framework will be disclosed in its setting to show how the framework communicates with different frameworks and present its essential usefulness. It will likewise portray what kind of partners that will utilize the framework and what usefulness is accessible for each sort. Finally, the imperatives and presumptions for the framework will be introduced. 2.1 Product Perspective In the first place, this is an exceptionally unique idea. Convenience has a twofold importance a) protection controls ought to be instinctive yet adaptable, and b) the planned motivation behind an application is sensibly kept up It merits referencing that a different line of research in breaking down unknown area follows has uncovered that client areas are vigorously connected, and realizing a couple of oftentimes visited areas can without much of a stretch distinguish the client behind a specific follow. The security break in these cases happens on the grounds that the area to personality mapping brings about an infringement of client namelessness. The framework endeavors to forestall the converse mappingâ€from client personality to client locationâ€albeit in a client controllable way. 2.2 Product Functions Portable inquiry is an advancing part of data recovery benefits that is fixated on the intermingling of versatile stages and cell phones, or that it very well may be utilized to enlighten data concerning something and other cell phones. Web internet searcher capacity in a portable structure permits clients to discover versatile substance on sites which are accessible to cell phones on versatile systems. The principal module is to manufacture a portable web crawler with positioning based way to deal with recover results concerning the limited situation of the client. Geo-labeling is, where gadgets can embed metadata with topographical data (arranges) into a document, for example, photograph, partner it with the geographic area it was taken at. In light of this first question stage, the client acquires a help comparability profile. This profile is a portrayal of the likenesses in the question yield at various geographic areas. The specific structure taken by this profile, just as the information structures utilized in registering this profile, may shift from application to application. An area development motor on the client side at that point decides an uproarious area to utilize dependent on the user’s security profile and the recovered assistance likeness profile. What is private and what isn't private ought to be really characterized before the question has been raised, this enables the outcome to set not to incorporate those subtleties that are private to the client and subsequently it would not be shared by the application. The administration form inferencing isn't only an assortment of positions, yet incorporates extra data about the organizations situated at those positions, for example, names, addresses, classifications, subcategories. Also, some particular qualities, for example, criticism score, the whole profile of the substance with individual data, so on and forward. The accompanying could be the modules for this undertaking: Login/Register module Indexed lists by positioning module Comparability profiler administration module Administration shape inferencing module 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics The client is relied upon to be Internet proficient and have the option to enlist/login and realize how to scan for data from the framework. The client is required to realize how to give data. The interface, in any case, gives simple access to all these, in any case, the client has to realize the nuts and bolts to work and get the best outcomes. The client is required to be Windows proficient and to have the option to utilize button, pull-down menus, and comparative apparatuses. There are two sorts of clients who can collaborate with the framework: 1. The enrolled clients who will gain admittance to data of the organizations for a particular area; 2. The entrepreneurs who may get individual data with respect to the client at a particular area. 2.4 Operating Environment The accompanying Hardware arrangement is relied upon to easily execute the undertaking. Processor Pentium V or above Speed 2.1 GHz or above Smash 1 GB RAM Hard Disk 60 GB Console Standard Windows Keyboard Mouse Two or Three Button Mouse Screen SVGA The accompanying Software arrangement is relied upon to easily execute the undertaking. Working System : Window 7 or above Language : C# (.NET Language) Front End : Visual Studio 2010 Database : SQL Server/Express Web Server :Internet Information Server (IIS 6.0) 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints Since the application look through information from the database server, it is pivotal that there is a decent transfer speed/great framework asset for the application to work. Information base pursuit can be difficult when we have bigger information to be executed. 2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies One supposition about the emulator item is that it will be consistently be utilized with web association, since it needs to gather data about an arbitrary client moving from the API’s. It is additionally expected that the web association is steady during these exchanges. If not high, a moderate speed is required to work with the framework. Another supposition that will be that since the API’s are outsider administrations, this could go down or may not fill in true to form on occasion. In any case, it is expected that the personal time may not be sufficiently longer to upset the working of our emulators. 2.7 System Environment 3. Outside Interface Requirements This segment gives an itemized portrayal of all contributions to and yields from the framework. It additionally gives a portrayal of the equipment, programming and correspondence interfaces and gives fundamental models of the UI. 3.1 User Interfaces A first-time client of the versatile application should see the sign in page when client opens the application. In the event that the client has not enrolled, they ought to have the option to do that on the sign in page. Allude to Fig. 2. On the off chance that the client is anything but a first-time client, they ought to have the option to see the scope and longitude data where the client is current found, see Figure 3. On choosing the client goal, the irregular development is mimicked and announced by the framework. Fig. 2. Login Screen Fig. 3. Current Location Fig. 4. Arbitrary User Movement 3.2 Hardware Interfaces No outside equipment gadgets are relied upon to be utilized in this task. A framework with Windows Operating System running on it ought to be fine to run the web application. 3.3 Software Interfaces Windows Operating System (OS) XP or 7.0, SQL Server/Express will be utilized for the database stockpiling. Different API’s and JavaScript’s would be utilized in this venture. There might be some utilization of the web administrations (as material). 3.4 Communications Interfaces The correspondence between the various pieces of the framework is significant since they rely upon one another. In any case, how the correspondence is accomplished isn't significant for the framework and is along these lines taken care of by the hidden working frameworks and the database for both the cloud and the web application. 4. Framework Features 4.1 Login/Registration Module The client ought to have the option to enroll or login (if effectively a part) from the portable emulator. The login/register module causes the client to find his geo area and will have the option to see the organizations/administrations encompassing the client. The framework will likewise guarantee that the security subtleties of the client are shared just what is made â€Å"Public† or â€Å"Private† by the client. Alterations to this touchy data are given to the client by the framework. 4.2 Search results by positioning module When all is said in done, a neighborhood search application gives data on nearby organizations, occasions, as well as companions, weighted by the area of the inquiry backer. Area and administration exactness exchange offs are obviously present in a nearby pursuit LBS. A security steady variation is along these lines appropriate for this application class. Neighborhood indexed lists will in general cycle through times of levels and minor changes as one moves from a predetermined area. The levels give roads to unwinding in the area precision without influencing administration exactness,

There Are Many Issues That Face Todays Teenagers. Probably One Of The

There are numerous issues that face the present youngsters. Likely one of the most widely recognized is the issue of independence or personality. The young years harbor probably the most confounding and naive years in the life of any individual. There are numerous desires, both individual and cultural, that assume an enormous job in the improvement of every young person. Despite the fact that most youngsters discover their way through these troublesome years as their own individual, there are some who never appear to completely comprehend what their identity is. This misconception can prompt numerous issues in hood. At the point when a kid is conceived they are provided food for around three or four years. When the youngster sets out on their first excursion away from self-teach) there are a few changes that happen in the kid. Generally these progressions are negligible, for the kid despite everything holds the nature not to mind or comprehend the specialty of complying with people around that person. When a kid enters the crucial time in it's life considered immaturity that certain kid turns into an ungainly young person. What once never crossed the psyche of that kid presently weighs intensely on the brain of that youngster. The most significant thing for a youngster is to be preferred by others. The simplest path for young people to be enjoyed by others, they assume, is to comply with what others do. So the example starts. Adolescents make desires for themselves by taking a gander at celebrated individuals or maybe even a portion of their friends. Youngsters will starve themselves to be more slender, however overrated apparel, and even aquire indistinguishable interests from others, yet why? The unsteadiness of caused during this time in an individual's life makes them be more uncertain of themselves than at any other time. With an end goal to be preferred or mainstream or essentially not d, young people ten to surrender their entitlement to think all alone. Numerous simply do what others state. This is a perilous propensity. There are such huge numbers of implicit desires both that young people set for themselves and that society sets for them. Society has set a desire that there is a sure perfect for an or fellow to base their profound quality, convictions and conduct on. In spite of the fact that these are little pieces of these desires, these are absurd desires that cause youngsters to set ridiculo us desires for them selves. The narrow mindedness of singularity prompts torment and the mentality that diverse isn't right. Weakness is an incredible issue for some s. The failure to wind up can prompt sadness and self-desruction. Youngsters are given a troublesome activity to make sense of what their identity is. This might just be one of the most significant choices or revelations that any individual can make. Despite the fact that society is pushing desires in our faces, I think if adolescents base their choices on who they need to become, they will see the best decision is as a person. At the point when one knows them, they can at exactly that point really start to see their general surroundings. It appears the main war we are seething is simply the war. Todays adolescents can change the world. Praise the distinctions in individuals.

The Mad Scientist

A sharp cry slice through the quiet of Woodbridge Mental Hospital. A medical attendant promptly hurried towards the furthest finish of the passage, her strides resounding off the dividers of the emergency clinic. As she moved toward the entryway of the patient’s ward, she heard gear colliding with the floor and breaking. She angled out her wireless and dialed a number. Ten minutes after the fact, a bewitching lady sashayed down the lobbies of the emergency clinic, neglectful of the ear puncturing yells of the lady at the most distant finish of the passage. â€Å"We weren’t ready to quiet her down, Miss Hale.† The watchmen gestured at her as she moved toward the passageway of the ward and let her in. The ward was a wreck, broke glass made the progress and broken lab hardware lay indiscriminately everywhere throughout the room. Furthermore, in the corner, embracing her knees, sat the researcher. â€Å"Danica, quiet down.† At the sound of her sister’s voice, the lady quit shouting and raised her head, her breath rough. Her wild hair encircled her face, almost covering her ragged looking eyes, however not exactly. In a cool, tedious voice that chilled deep down, she stated, â€Å"This is all your fault.† I hadn’t intended to catch them; I wasn’t even permitted to be in this wing of the emergency clinic. â€Å"What would you say you are doing here? Who are you?† A voice requested. I fixed my back, rapidly making up a story, however when I saw her standing just crawls from me, I solidified. â€Å"I†¦. I†¦ I’m new here, I lost my way.† I faltered, choosing to come clean with her. Her eyes appeared to solidify as she stated, â€Å"Please leave. You are not approved to be here.† I hastened away, my heart pulsating like the wings of a hummingbird. â€Å"Where right? I sat tight for a long time yet you didn’t appear, so I just went ahead.†, said Natalie, an inhabitant I’d become a close acquaintence with on my subsequent day. I’d totally disregarded gathering her for lunch that day and I was so interested by what had happened that I didn’t think before asking her, â€Å"Who lives in the Restricted Wing?† Natalie squinted at me vacantly, and afterward asked critically, â€Å"Why?† I promptly understood my mix-up and acted ignorant, shrugging my shoulders and saying, â€Å"Just wondering.† Natalie loose and glanced around, â€Å"Okay, I’ll tell you.† Talk had it that in the Restricted Wing lives a researcher by the name of Danica Hale, incredibly famous for her significant commitments to malignant growth inquire about. She had laid the structure hinders for any expectations of in the long run finding a remedy for malignant growth. She was in the prime of her profession, so near finding that fix when she vanished from the logical world. The lady I had seen before was her more youthful sister, Emily Hale. She was a productive fiction essayist who had a few worldwide smash hits. Eight years back, she had given a huge entirety of cash to assemble a whole new wing in the emergency clinic. Natalie wouldn’t disclose to me anything else than that, yet I was resolved to discover the story behind how Danica had wound up as a patient in Woodbridge Mental Hospital †a psychological breakdown maybe? Throughout the following scarcely any days I peppered her with questions, planning to wear out her hesitance at disclosing to me the whole story. Following seven days, she said in irritation, â€Å"I genuinely don’t know the entire story! You’ll need to ask Emily or Danica yourself, they’re the main ones who recognize what truly happened!† I had been watching Emily Hale from a separation and figured out how to discover from the head nurture that she came in any event once at regular intervals. Emily probably saw me watching her on the grounds that a couple of days after the fact, she defied me. â€Å"Are you a stalker? I can see you, you know.† â€Å"Sorry, I’ve heard a great deal about you that’s all.† I stated, pulling out a duplicate of her most recent book, ‘Heartbeats’. She looked stunned for a second. â€Å"I had no clue specialists read fiction.† She said grinning. â€Å"It’s my method of getting away from the real world. Do you mind marking it?† I stated, holding out my duplicate. I left altogether satisfied with myself, not on the grounds that I had gotten her signature, but since I had figured out how to reveal another expansion to the story. We had been discussing malignant growth and I had spouted about the recuperation of my auntie, because of another medication in a clinical preliminary that was all the while progressing. Emily then enlightened me regarding the uncommon type of malignant growth that had struck her ten years prior, when she was only twenty-five. Later on, it occurred to me that ten years back was actually when Danica had disappeared from the exploration scene. It can’t have been an incident that by then; Danica Hale had sent an example of a solution for a similar malignancy her sister was experiencing to the Health Ministry for endorsement for human preliminaries. Whenever I saw Emily, I was anxious to get more data. I posed her apparently honest inquiries, and to my pleasure, she addressed each and every one of them. I think by at that point, she was only glad to have somebody she could converse with. Between her consistent visits to the emergency clinic and the bustling existence of a universally acclaimed creator, she presumably didn't have quite a bit of a public activity. In the long run, I had the option to sort out the entire story. Ten years prior, Emily Hale had been determined to have Stage 4 malignant growth. There was no known fix, however her sister, Danica, was inches from discovering one. After effectively testing her medication on mice, all Danica required was to get the medication endorsed for human tests. In the mean time, her sister’s condition was intensifying and with her sister’s life on the line, she couldn’t conceivably have trusted that the Health Ministry will react. It would have been past the point of no return for her sister. Laughing in the face of any potential risk, she chose to test the medication on herself. She checked herself intently and following 2 months, without taking note of any antagonistic impacts, she concluded it was ok for her sister to take it. After six dosages over a time of a quarter of a year, a sweep indicated that Emily’s tumor had contracted to the size of a bean. At a half year, there was no indication of it any longer. In a debilitated touch of destiny to what might have been an upbeat consummation, Danica started to carry on peculiarly and regularly didn't appear her typical self. From the start, she was essentially associated to be creating side effects with bi-polar turmoil. Emily, in any case, was loaded up with a feeling of premonition this could be identified with the medication. Slowly, Danica’s mental state compounded and her emotional episodes turned out to be progressively vicious and hard to deal with. Emily believed it best to expel her from the examination foundation. In the wake of making a fortune from her initial two top of the line books, Emily concluded that an increasingly changeless home at Woodbridge Mental Hospital would be best for Danica. She at that point gave a tremendous total of cash to the clinic for them to assemble another wing, which was to incorporate a completely prepared research center for her sister. The fix that Danica had found was found to fix disease patients, however had the disastrous impact of mental unsteadiness in a solid individual. In spite of the fact that Danica was intellectually unsteady, she had the option to proceed with her exploration work with these offices. In the long run, the medication was discharged after certain changes to wipe out the reactions and a large number of lives were spared as a result of it. Books and motion pictures depict insane lab rats as unhinged individuals set on global control. In the wake of hearing the account of the Hale sisters, I presently have a fairly charming picture of an insane lab rat in the individual of Danica Hale, a disastrous figure gone distraught subsequent to sparing the life of her cherished sister. Today, in spite of her state of mind, she despite everything keeps on serving humankind with whatever rational soundness she has left. Really, a virtuoso gone frantic for affection.

Understanding And Supporting Behaviour Example

Understanding And Supporting Behaviour Example Understanding And Supporting Behaviour â€" Essay Example > Understanding and Supporting BehaviorIntroductionDisruptive behavior can be described as behavior that is unacceptable to the teacher. Consequently behaviors that are considered disruptive can vary from one culture to another or classroom to classroom in the same skill. Many children are lucky to be raised feeling loved and valued by their parents, but unfortunately this is not the obvious case. If a child feels starved of care, attention and love from parents, then it can lead to negative consequences (Weisz, McCarty Valeri, 2006). Engaging in disruptive behavior may be a way of seeking attention. It is easy to tell the effects of disruptive behavior on the lesson or classroom environment, but there are wider effects on other students and the affected child engaging in disruptive behavior. Instructors use different kinds of intervention plans to deal with disruptive behavior among students. Challenges of classroom control have many and varying causes. An impersonal and mechanist ic approach may achieve conformity to routines without permitting a meaningful interpersonal connection to be established. An appropriate approach is one that emphasizes interpersonal engagement with the child, with the aim of developing an attachment bond. Classroom management has to be deliberately discussed with staff members and parents. It is erroneous to assume that other people share the same sentiments. Classroom managers who are effective are also skilled at overlapping. The incident of overlapping involves handling two or more groups or activities concurrently (Roffey, 2011). The teacher is able to monitor the entire class at all times. This essay gives alternative approaches to Jimmy’s case who engages in disruptive behavior at school. Behaviorist and authoritarian approaches have been discussed highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The behaviorist approach is first discussed before focusing on the authoritarian approach and how both can be used to solve Jimmyâ €™s case. Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses that need to be considered while implementing any of them in a classroom environment. Part 1: Behaviorist ApproachBehavior management strategies depend on the enforcement of authority and tend to work so long as the person in charge of authority is ready to enforce it, and the person where the authority is directed is prepared submit to it. If the student refuses to submit to the authority them the outcome would not be desirable. The target of the behaviorist approach is replacement of the disruptive behavior with an appropriate behavior (Weisz, McCarty Valeri, 2006). The behavioral approach to disruptive behavior stresses the importance of external stimuli and environmental factors as conditions that cause problematic behavior. Teachers can use environmental conditioning which is one of the considerations of how behavior is shaped by environmental consequences and antecedents. An efficient and effective intervention st rategy for teachers is to acknowledge the ‘environment/personal’ relationship and change the conditions that lead to this dynamic (Smith Donovan, 2003). Behaviorist approach can be used as an intervention strategy in Jimmy’s behavior. Jimmy is only ten years in mainstream junior school but he is apparently exhibiting anxious behavior that has escalated in the last several months. His teacher has noted that there has not been any significance progress in Jimmy’s academic since September. His behavior range from not being able to write his ideas down to contorting his face when faced with a question/answer situation, to putting his hands around his throat and hitting himself on the head. Moreover, he has attacked other pupils in class for apparent no reason. His mother reports anxious, obsessive behavior at home as well as letting the school know that he is considering leaving Jimmy’s father. She further explains that the home environment is currently not supportive as bo th parents swear and argue in front of Jimmy. Jimmy’s parents are not employed currently.

Comparison Essay Which is Better, the PC or the Mac

Before answering the question â€Å"Which is better, the PC or the Mac?† it is worth considering Mac vs Windows pros cons. Detailed Mac versus PC comparison can be done on two levels: rational and emotional. The first involves facts, the second deals with personal preferences. It makes more sense to make a choice based on the following rational criteria like: Price Capability Reliability Anyone who plans to buy a computer has to do MacBook vs PC laptop comparison and write down advantages and disadvantages. It will help to make an informed decision because there is a significant difference between Mac OS and Windows operating system. It is necessary to make a list of Mac vs PC pros and cons and to count points in favor one or another machine. It is even better idea to work for some time on both machines to figure out if they fit user’s requirements and expectations. In very rare cases, some very specialized programs can run only on Mac or only on PC. It can happen to designers, gamers, and programmers. Let’s starts with similarities between mac and pc. Experts would agree that at least in terms of basic design, they are the same. Both Macs and PCs perform the same functions. They can be connected to the wide range of supporting devices like joysticks, routers, scanners, cameras, printers and others. Both Macs and PCs are capable of reading different file types. Both machines can read files even though sometimes the installation of additional software is required. Both Macs and PCs can run Microsoft Office even though initially it was designed for PCs. Most programs are available in several versions and can run on both systems. After the detailed description of similarities, let’s consider the difference between mac and windows operating system. The first major difference between Apple Mac and Microsoft Windows is the price. Customers know too well that PC is a more budget friendly choice. As a rule, PCs are 40% cheaper than Macs because they are made by several international manufacturers like Acer, Dell, Toshiba, Lenovo, HP, Samsung, Gateway and many other less known companies. The fierce competition drives the price down. Exclusively Apple makes MacBook and that’s why there is virtually no competition. Another important difference between windows and mac os and linux is their vulnerability to malware. Since most computers run Windows, hackers prefer to target PCs more compared to Macs. So many experts say that PCs are more vulnerable while Mac and Linux are safer solutions. Modern technology develops fast and almost every year Apple and Microsoft release updated versions of software for mac vs windows laptop. Even though the situation on the market is changing very quickly, Mac remains to be more prestigious choice while PC gains popularity for its accessibility and friendly budget. As a rule, PC is the first laptop for a high school student. And only later, in college, he or she may upgrade to Mac for different reasons: functionality, prestige or safety. As of latest update for mac vs pc pros and cons 2017, the situation on the market remains the same. There are many faithful users for both Macs and PCs in the world and they can debate the question â€Å"which one is better† to eternity. If they are objective, they will have to recognize that each machine has its own weaknesses and strengths and very often the choice comes down to an emotional decision and personal preference. During their life many people who switch and migrate from one to another. They may find using different key combinations inconvenient and weird but it is not a major problem. I know many people who have Macs at home but in the office, they use PCs and vice verse. As for me, I prefer Mac because it is more reliable. I notice that Mac crushes less and serves longer. As a future designer, I think that Mac has a better design and sleeker look. It is also much lighter in terms of weight, so it is easier to carry in my backpack. So, after careful comparing mac vs windows laptop my answer to the question â€Å"Which is better, the PC or the Mac?† is Mac. I find that it is more expensive and hope that eventually it will be more affordable. I can change my opinion in the future if PC will offer better options.

History of 1924 Olympic Games in Paris

As an honor to the retiring IOC founder and president Pierre de Coubertin (and at his request) the 1924 Olympic Games were held in Paris. The 1924 Olympics, also known as the VIII Olympiad, were held from May 4 to July 27, 1924. These Olympics saw the introduction of the first Olympic Village and the first Closing Ceremony. Official Who Opened the Games: President Gaston DoumerguePerson Who Lit the Olympic Flame (This was not a tradition until the  1928 Olympic Games)Number of Athletes:  3,089 (2,954 men and 135 women)Number of Countries: 44Number of Events: 126 First Closing Ceremony Seeing the three flags raised at the end of the Olympics is one of the more memorable traditions of the Olympic Games and it started in 1924. The three flags are the official flag of the Olympic Games, the flag of the hosting country, and the flag of the country chosen to host the next Games. Paavo Nurmi Paavo Nurmi, the Flying Finn, dominated nearly all the running races at the 1924 Olympics. Often, called a superman, Nurmi won five gold medals at this Olympics, including in the 1,500-meter (set an Olympic record) and the 5,000-meter (set an Olympic record), which were only about an hour apart on that very hot July 10. Nurmi also won gold in the 10,000-meter cross-country run and as a member of the winning Finnish teams on the 3,000-meter relay and the 10,000-meter relay. Nurmi, known for keeping a very even pace (which he clocked on a stopwatch) and his seriousness, went on to win nine gold medals and three silver while competing in the 1920, 1924, and 1928 Olympics. Over his lifetime, he set 25 world records.   Remaining a popular figure in Finland, Nurmi was given the honor of lighting the Olympic flame at the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki and, from 1986 to 2002, appeared on the Finnish 10 markkaa banknote. Tarzan, the Swimmer Its pretty obvious that the public liked to see American swimmer Johnny Weissmuller with his shirt off. At the 1924 Olympics, Weissmuller won three gold medals: in the 100-meter freestyle, 400-meter freestyle, and the 4 x 200-meter relay. And a bronze medal as well as part of the water polo team.   Again at the 1928 Olympics, Weissmuller won two gold medals in swimming. However, what Johnny Weissmuller is most famous for is playing Tarzan in 12 different movies, made from 1932 to 1948. Chariots of Fire In 1981, the film Chariots of Fire  was released. Having one of the most recognizable theme songs in the history of film and winning four Academy Awards,  Chariots of Fire  told the story of two runners who raced during the 1924 Olympic Games. Scottish runner Eric Liddell was a focus of the film. Liddell, a devout Christian caused a stir when he refused to compete in any events held on a Sunday, which were some of his best events. That left only two events for him -- the 200-meter and 400-meter races, which he won bronze and gold in respectively. Interestingly, after the Olympics, he went back to North China to continue his familys missionary work, which ultimately led to his death in 1945 in a Japanese internment camp. Liddells Jewish teammate, Harold Abrahams was the other runner in the  Chariots of Fire  film. Abrahams, who had focused more on the long jump in the 1920 Olympics, decided to put his energy into training for the 100-meter dash. After hiring a professional coach, Sam Mussabini, and training hard, Abrahams won gold in the 100-meter sprint. A year later, Abrahams suffered a leg injury, ending his athletic career. Tennis The 1924 Olympics were the last to see tennis as an event until it was brought back in 1988.

Financial Decision Making In Easyjet Uk Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2508 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Easyjet is a U.K based low-cost airline offering services on 500 routes between 118 European, West Asian and North African airports using fleet size of 182 aircrafts. Unlike its biggest competitor Raynair, Easyjet uses primary airports to operate its services in off-peak time to avoid high airport fees. In 2007/08, despite the economic downturn and high fuel prices the company managed to increase its revenue as compared to last year with an increase load factor of about 85%. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Decision Making In Easyjet Uk Finance Essay" essay for you Create order However the company failed to increase its profit margin for the share holders in 2008. While writing this report I find out the following key findings about the financial position of the company in 2008. The company is not facing any liquidity problems, possessing a strong cash position and ample amount of short term investments. The gearing level of company is relatively lower than Ryanair; due to this low leverage level it has the advantage over Ryanair to raise the external fiancà © easily in future if needed. The company has increased its efficiency to utilize the resources more effectively as compared to last year in 2007 but still lag behind Ryanair in overall efficiency to utilize the company recourses i.e. debtor and creditor days. In 2008 profitability remained the main problem of the company with low profit margins and Low ROCE in comparison with the previous year and with its main rival, Ryanair. Recommendations The main reason for low Profit margin of the Easyjet in 2008 was the inefficient management of the controllable costs. If the company wants to enjoy high profit margin in future, it has to cut down all the controllable direct and indirect expenses by reviewing its current cost control strategy. Introduction ThiÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ report ÃÆ' Ã‚ °ttemÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬tÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ tÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾ ÃÆ'‘ ÃƒÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾mÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' Ã‚ °re ÃÆ' Ã‚ °nd ÃÆ'‘ ÃƒÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾ntrÃÆ' Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢t the finÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ'‘ iÃÆ' Ã‚ °l ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬erfÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾rmÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ'‘ e ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾f RyÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ' Ã‚ °ir ÃÆ' Ã‚ °nd EÃÆ' Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢yjet and will ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬reÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' Ã‚ °re ÃÆ' Ã‚ °n ÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ' Ã‚ °lyÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢iÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾f the finÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ'‘ iÃÆ' Ã‚ °l ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬erfÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾rmÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ'‘ e ÃÆ' Ã‚ °nd ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢itiÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾n ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ ‚ ¾f EÃÆ' Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢yjet ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬lÃÆ'‘  in ÃÆ'‘ ÃƒÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾mÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' Ã‚ °riÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ÃƒÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾n with thÃÆ' Ã‚ °t ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾f RyÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ' Ã‚ °ir holdings. BÃÆ' Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢iÃÆ'‘ ÃƒÆ' Ã‚ °lly, thiÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ iÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ÃÆ' Ã‚ °n ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢trÃÆ' Ã‚ °tegiÃÆ'‘  ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬erfÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾rmÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ'‘ e ÃÆ' Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬rÃÆ' Ã‚ °iÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ÃƒÆ' Ã‚ °l uÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ing ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡.ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾.R.E ÃÆ' Ã‚ °nÃÆ' Ã‚ °lyÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢iÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢. ThiÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬er will be concluded with ÃÆ'â €˜Ã‚ ertÃÆ' Ã‚ °in reÃÆ'‘ ÃƒÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾mmendÃÆ' Ã‚ °tiÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾nÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ tÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾ EÃÆ' Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢yjet. Context : Since the aviation deregulation came into force in 1990s, the two lower cost carriers Easyjet and Ryanair emerged into pierce competition with each other. Before the deregulation, these low-cost careers were in competition with their peers but then because of the increasing pricing war, they had started competing with rails and trains as well. Lets conduct a brief PEST analysis in order to understand the nature and competition level in this Low-cost carrier business. Mainly the two suppliers i.e. Air bus and Boeing, supply air-crafts to airline industry thus the competition between these two allows low-cost airlines to get low prices and reliable services. Airport is another supplier to the airlines; To avoid high fee charges, Ryaniar usually operates on regional airports closer to metropolitan areas with low bargaining powers where as Easyjet uses major airports but fly at off-peak time to avoid high fee charges of the airport. The bargaining power of the customer is high, to attr act customers the Low cost Airlines offer low prices with the use of web technology which is cheap and easier way for the customer to buy or exchange the flights with no extra costs. Due to capital-intensive nature of the industry and the presence of key players, possibility of new the entrant is usually very low in aviation industry. The threat of a substitute is high; with the emergence of new and fast rail connections with low fare throughout the Europe might pose a threat to lower-cost airlines in future. The competition among rivals in this field is particularly strong. A price war is a routine activity in this business to attract customers by sacrificing its profit margin but keeping the price lower to attract the customers. Easyjet has rapidly expanded since its establishment in 1995. Due to acquisition and base expansion, Easyjet has become the 2nd largest low-cost airline in U.K behind Ryanair with 184 aircrafts and having 20 bases throughout the Europe. In fact the E asyjet business model is based on the original low-cost carrier model (see appendix A),except that Easyjet has stretched the model further by introducing no-frill concept( no free food and refreshment during the flight), and unlike other low-cost airlines it uses primary airports for its flights operations. The financial year 2007/08 of Easyjet was effected by its acquisition of GB Airways worth 103.5 M in which  £11.5M was held in escrow as a security in that year while on the other side the fuel prices were increased from $643 in 2007 to $1070/metric ton. Overview: In this section we are going to summarize the financial statements of Easyjet to have a quick idea about how the company had been doing financially in the two year i.e. 2007 and 2008 while detailed financial statements for Ryanair are given in appendix C for more information. INCOME STATEMENT: EASYJET 2007  £M 2008  £M Sales/Revenue 1,797.2 2362.8 Cost of sales/revenue 1,529.2 2,148.4 Gross income 268 178.4 operating expenses 96.9 87.5 EBIT (Operating Profit) 171.1 90.9 After-Tax Income 152.3 83.2 EPS Basic 36.62 19.80 EPS Diluted 35.58 19.41 Balance sheet: Easy jet 2007  £(M) 2008  £(M) Current asset Cash and short term investment 942.8 982.3 Account receivable 193.4 187.2 Inventories Other current assets 30.2 245.5 Total current assets 1,166.4 1,415 Net current assets 545.1 505.2 Non-Current assets Property, plant equip 935.8 1102.6 Total investments and advances 33.2 64.2 Long term note receivable 65.5 66.2 Intangible assets 311.4 440.4 Other assets 3.70 6.9 Total non-current assets 1,349.6 1,680.3 Total Assets 2,516 3,095.3 Net Assets 1152.4 1278.2 Current Liabilities Short and portion of long-term debt 40.50 56.70 Account payable 39.60 77.50 Income Tax payable 89.70 75.10 Other current liabilities 451.5 700.5 Total current liabilities 621.3 909.8 Non-current liabilities Long term debts 478.6 570.2 Provision for risk and charges 136.0 160.4 Deferred Taxes 34.60 107.6 Other liabilities 93.10 69.10 Total non-current liabilities 742.3 907.3 Total liabilities 1,363.6 1,817.1 Total Equity 1,152.4 1,278.2 Total liability and share holder equity 2,516 3,095.3 If we look at the above income statement of Easyjet, the 1st thing we will notice is the increase in Total revenue of the company from  £1,797.2 in 2007 to  £2,362, in 2008 giving 31% rise in the figure, which is possibly contributed by GB airway acquired by Easyjet in 2008 as mentioned above. But down further in the income statement the net profit of the year 2008 has dropped to  £83.2M from  £152.3M in the year 2007 giving 45% fall in the net income for 2008 despite the high revenue. In fact this increase in total revenue is devoted to the cost of revenue which can be seen in the income statement, only the fuel charges has increased by 66% excluding all the other expenses. The increase in non- current assets (specially the intangible assets that are increased by 41.42% in 2008) can also be seen on the balance sheet along with a noticeable increase in the current and non-current liabilities. Overall the balance sheet is looking very stable and strong with solid cash and ca sh equivalent assets and a significant increase in total equity and liabilities (23% increased). It means that the business is still in the position to attract creditors and investors. Ratios: The ratios I have selected here to analyse the financial situation of the two companies in year 2007/2008 may not be enough to draw an absolute financial picture for both the companies, however I believe that these are the most common ratios used normally in Financial related decision.(Detail ratio given in appendix B) EFFICIENCY RATIOS Easyjet Ryanair 2008 2007 2008 2007 Creditor days Debtor days Asset Turnover Sales revenue per employee Turnover per aircraft 18.4 28.9 0.84 0.386 14.32M 9.45 39.2 0.77 0.316 13.11M 23.61 days 6.68 days 0.45 0.41M 13.31M 12 days 6.16 0.43 0.44M 13.45M Gearing Ratios Easyjet Ryanair 2008 2007 2008 2007 Gearing Ratio Interest Covering Ratio 30.84% 2.6 29.34% 4.83 43.1% 5.52 39.85% 5.68 LIQUIDITY RATIOS Easyjet Ryanair 2008 2007 2008 2007 Current Ratio Cash Ratio 1.55 1.07 1.87 1.5 1.53 1.3 2.1 2 PROFITABILITY RATIOS Easyjet Ryanair 2008 2007 2008 2007 Gross Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin ROCE 7.55% 3.84% 4.91% 14.91% 9.52% 10.4% 26.36% 19.79% 12.1% 25.77% 21.07% 11.6% Please note that all the values used for Ryanair has been converted to  £ using exchange rate 0.8 as was instructed. Evaluation The trade creditor days ratio of Easyjet shows an increase of about three days only, in 2008(13 Days) as compared to last year i.e. 2007(9.45 Days) but shows a significant improvement in debtor days on the other hand, that has decreased from 39.2 in 2007 to 28.9 Days in 2008. Here Easyjet shows a better efficiency as compared to its last year, but in comparison with Ryanair it is still far behind. Ryanair has creditors day increased (23.61 Days in 2008) by double of the last year (12 Day in 2007) while debtor days is almost the same as last year i.e. 6.50 days on average. As a whole, the efficiency of Easyjet in terms of debts and credits has improved by reducing the debtor days as the company has more trade receivable than the amount of trade payable. By scrutinizing the efficiency for both the companies further, we will notice that the sales revenue per employee ratio of Ryanair is higher than Easyjet, but Easyjet scores on Ryanair in turnover/aircraft; it is because of the ne w aircrafts in the fleet and higher load factor in 2008. The asset turnover ratio of Easyjet shows an increase from 0.77 in 2007 to .84 in 2008, reflects the better utilization of assets in operating the company to generate the revenue as compared to the asset turnover ratio of Ryanair which is .45 in 2008, raised up from .43 in 2007. By studying the overall asset turnover ratio of both the companies, Ryanairs asset turnover is more stable and consistent as compared to Easyjet. Financing analysis The capital structure of Easyjet is not highly geared but mostly dependent on the contribution from its shareholders however, the long term liability or borrowings in the balance sheet is up for 2008 as compared to 2007 as a result the gearing ratio for Easyjet is increased to 30.84% in 2008 from 29.34% in 2007. It is definitely because of the acquisition of GB airways as the cash was used, therefore they needed long-term debt to cover the other expenses. The gearing ratio for Ryanair holdings has been increased significantly from 39.85% in 2007 to 43.1% in 2008. The Inertest covering ratio of Easyjet has decreased from 4.83 in 2007 to 2.6 in 2008, one reason of this is because of the low operating profit and the other reason is the increase in long term debts but still the strong cash position, short term investments and low gearing ratio, Easyjet has net interest income of 17.3M in 2007 and 21.1M in 2008 which make it easy for it to pay the interest on the long-term borrowings . On the other hand Ryanair has net interest expense of 18.9M in 2008 and 20.8M in 2007 as a result the Ryanair has to pay more interest out of its profit as compared to Easyjet. Liquidity Analysis The current ratio of Easyjet in 2007 was 1.87 that has been reduced to 1.55 in 2008, this is because the increase in current liabilities of the company, although the total current assets of the company have increased by 21% but the total current liabilities has increase by 46% in 2008. The current maintence provision is increased from 2.8M to 49 M in 2008 where as the trade payable has increased from 39.6M to 77.5 M in 2008. On the other hand the current ratio of Ryanair has dropped from 2.1 in 2007 to 1.53 in 2008; it is because the increase in current liabilities by almost 40% but only 1.3% increases in current total assets. In case of liquidity Easyjet scores on Ryanair. Profitability Analysis The gross profit margin which highlights the trading performance of a company has declined from 14.9% in 2007 to 7.55% in 2008 indicating a significant increase in cost of revenue of Easyjet plc. In case of Ryanair, the same ratio shows an increase from 25.77 in previous year to 26.36 in 2008. The Operating profit margin of Easyjet shows a decline from 9.52% in 2007 to 3.84% in 2008 although the operation cost seems to be less in 2008 as compared to that in 2007. This decline in operating profit margin is actually the result of a heavy fall in gross profit of the company in 2008. Operating profit margin, being one of the functional components (other one is Asset turn over) of ROCE, the reduction in this has also reduced the overall ROCE of Easyjet from 10.4% in 2007 to 4.91% in 2008. This decline in ROCE is really an alarming signal for the companys profitability as it indicates the return on long-term capital employed by investors. Such a reduction in this figure is quite en ough to scare off the investors. One the other hand again the ROCE of Ryanair has increased by almost 1%. From the discussion so far it is clear that a significant part of revenue has been dedicated by Easyjet to meet its direct and indirect operating expenses. Adrian (2009) shows in the following table, how both of the no-frill companies (Ryanair and Easyjet) carry out their costs in 2008. Easyjet Ryanair Difference March 2008 March 2008 Operating Expenses Staff 6.60 4.48 2.12 Aircraft ownership 7.32 4.79 2.53 Maintence Marketing Distribution 2.00 0.27 1.73 Route charges 4.62 4.07 0.55 Airport handling 14.69 6.22 8.47 Charges Fuel oil 14.42 12.43 1.99 Others 3.20 1.98 1.22 Total Operating 52.85 34.24 18.61 Expenses Adrian (2009), in the above table shows that Despite the Easyjets fare being 40% higher than Ryanair, the operating profit/passenger of Ryanair is twice more than Easyjet, this is because Ryanair costs are above 35% less than that of Easyjet. According to Pitfield (2008), there are certain costs that are not subjected to be controlled by low-cost airlines such as fuel burn and en-route navigation charges but all other influences on cost per seat can be controlled like maintenance cost could be lower by having same commonality of aircrafts, staff cost by reducing the crew size and handling and administrative costs can be reduced by choice of airports and direct selling of tickets to passengers. Conclusion and Recommendations From the above discussion, I reached to the conclusion that it is unlikely for the Easyjet be affected adversely from the economic downturn in short-run as shown by higher load factor and consistent increase in revenue throughout the past years. However if the company keeps failing to control the direct and indirect costs relating to revenue, which results in decreasing the overall profit margin of the company will lead to a situation where investors will think 100 times before investing in the company. By nature, the low-cost airlines (as the name indicating) achieve the high profit margin by reducing its costs, in fact the survival of such airlines depend on keeping their operational cost low. Following are some measures I will like to recommend to Easyjet that might be able to control the overall operational cost of the company. By increasing the ancillary revenue to offset the cost of income arising in generation of operational revenue The company should review its strate gy of operating only from primary airports; I think Easyjet should consider the use of secondary airports with low bargaining powers. The number of flights should be decreased in off-peak seasons to avoid both employee costs and aircraft operating cost. Keeping the crew size to minimal number and also the company should review the current pay structure of the staff that is looking higher in the industry. The company should adopt a better hedging strategy in order to cope up with the future increase in fuel prices or currency exchange rates. Easy jet should give special attention to minimize the advertise expenses. To achieve the objective of being No.1 airline, Easyjet should minimize its overall operational costs. Note: The main sources of my research that I have carried out to complete this report are the official websites of both the companies as they are the primary source of financial information relating to their businesses.

America Needs To Support The Needs of the Poor Essay

In America, there are many people who face the horrors of foreclosure and possible homelessness. Not always it is the fault of the homeowner, but the fault of the surrounding situations, inflation, recession, and unexpected circumstances. The fact is that the general public doesn’t care. In fact, many have bumper stickers that read â€Å"the only good welfare system is a job,† with the face of Ronald Reagan on the side. If this were true, then those who are homeless but have jobs are just punishing themselves. The fact is this: America is based on an economy that profits from the poor and unlucky. This system has obviously worked otherwise the American economic system would have changed. Even if America has a debt more than $12 trillion,†¦show more content†¦I have had friends who told me that the welfare system of today just doesn’t work and that America should not have it anymore. I often keep quiet about it because they are too ignorant and th at they do not understand. The welfare system is damaged, but rather than rid of it, it should be improved. I am one of those people who doesn’t mind giving up time, energy, and (if I had it) money to help those who cannot help themselves. It isn’t the fault of the American people that they don’t know or understand the harsh realities of living in this nation, but it is the fault of education, the government, and the media for not exposing the realities obviously enough for even simpletons to understand. The proposal of a program to help those who face foreclosure is not a handout, but a boost. A nation should be judged by how it treats the lowest of its citizens. To help combat the fear of foreclosure, there should be in place a program that helps those who are in the danger of foreclosure to have a second option. A program that helps transplant people and families into another building or home that would be cheaper or affordable for them. 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This is not enough to be able to be above the poverty lineRead MoreCorporate Leadership : The Bank Of America Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesBank of America Talent management is a common term in corporate leadership which refers to a process that covers a key aspect of an employee’s life cycle. The cycle consists of a selection of development, succession and performance management for the purpose of ensuring that an organization has sufficient number of employees in terms of quantity and quality. This critical process ensures that an organization has enough people in place to meet their current and future business priorities. Talent management

Answer the question for chapter 1,2,3,4and 5 Example

Essays on Answer the question for chapter 1,2,3,4and 5 Assignment Finance and Accounting The preparation of the income ment is a useful l for profit marking organizations when determining the income generated from their operations. The variable costs are normally used in the process since the management has control on the costs and can be manipulated to improve performance (Kimmel,Weygandt, and Kieso 112). Patti’s Paintings analysis has been done on this paper. Patti’s Painting Contribution Income Statement For the three-month period August 31/2011 Per Unit Total Sales 600 14400 Less: Variable Cost Employee 150 3600 Paint and Supplies 330 7920 Selling expense 15 360 Administrative expense 18 432 Total variable cost 513 12312 Contribution margin 87 2088 Less Fixed cost Selling expenses 25 600 Administrative expenses 62.5 1500 Profit (Loss) (0.5) (12) Contribution margin ratio 14.5% 14.5% Break even sales is the level of sales where the net profit is zero i.e. a company makes neither profit nor loss (Kimmel,Weygandt, and Kieso 113). Break Even (units) = = = 24.14 Break even sales= = = 14483.76 Evaluation of the three options Option 1 In this option, the decrease in the sales price will result into an increase in the quantity sold. Therefore, we will use the new rates in determining the net profit. In this option, the contribution margin= 580-513 = 67 Net profit in this option = (67*36) - 2100 (Total fixed cost) = $ 312 Break even units= = 31.34 Option 2 The option will enable Patti to paint more houses because of the new online marketing strategy. Both the selling prices and costs would remain the same. The new contribution margin will therefore be calculated as follows. Contribution margin= 87*45= 3915 Net profit= contribution margin- total fixed cost =3915- (2100+1200) =$ 615 Break even units= = 37.93 Option 3 In this option, the rent would result in an increment in the variable cost. This would therefore lower the contribution margin by $ 25. New contribution margin per unit= 87-25=62 Net profit= (62*48) – Fixed cost = 2976- 2100 = $ 876 Break even units= =33.87 The evaluation of the best alternative can be done on two bases. First is the use of the new net profit. If this basis is used, option 3 will be the best alternative since it results into the highest operating profit. The increase in the number of houses to be painted has made the profits go up compared to other options. The second best choice will be option 2 which generates an income of $ 615. Option 1 will result into a profit of $ 312. All this options results into increase in net operating profits compared to the initial income. Using the break even units, option 1 will be ranked the highest followed by option 3 and lastly option 2. It therefore means that option 1 will make Patti start earning profit after selling relatively lower units compared to option 3 and 2. In all the options, Patti paintings have to consider other determinants like the customer satisfaction, branding of the business and the quality of the services that the business will provide. Sustainability of the options is thus important on the evaluation process. Regulations and practices of the competitors all have to be incorporated. In summary, the urge of businesses to improve their returns and increase their performance calls for the inventions of better methods of increasing profits by either reducing costs or decreasing the cost. The best evaluation should result into the increase in the net profit f the business. Option 3 therefore deserves to be adopted. The qualitative characteristics should as well be considered at the evaluation of the best option. Work Cited Kimmel, Paul D., Jerry J. Weygandt, and Donald E. Kieso. Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making. 4e [ed.] ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2011. Print.

Measuring academic proficiency under the NCLB. Free Essays

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was designed to close the achievement gap between high and low performing children, especially the achievement gap between minority and non-minority students and between disadvantaged children and their more advantaged peers (NCLB, 2001). The key components of the act are the adequate yearly programs (AYP), and the annual measurable objectives (AMO). The AYP is the working principle of the act and it is seen as the mechanism for which all schools and all students meet the same academic standards in reading and mathematics by school year 2013-2014. We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring academic proficiency under the NCLB. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The AMO indicates the performance of the school in terms of proficiency in reading and mathematics tests. Moreover, the law identifies student subgroups like economically disadvantaged students, students form major racial and ethnic groups, students with disabilities and students with limited English proficiency. The law also specifically requires that 95% of the total number of students in a school and 95% of each subgroup to take the reading and math standardized tests, while the state is tasked to determine its own AMO targets and the minimum number of students in each subgroup who are required to meet or surpass the AMO targets (NCLB, 2001). The AYP requirements apply to Title 1 and non-title 1 school that receive federal funding. Schools that do not reach AYP for two or more years will be labeled as in need of improvement and are sanctioned. The NCLB employs a conjunctive accountability system wherein each subgroup of students are required to reach the minimum levels of proficiency in math and reading regardless of their previous proficiency levels, thus within 12 years, all students should reach 100% proficiency. NCLB is based on the idea that high expectations for achievement would result to higher actual achievement levels. By requiring each school to reach a uniform level of proficiency  would mean that in a given period, all schools and all students would have mastered the same skills and learned the same knowledge in reading and mathematics. The NCLB measures progress through a single mean proficiency score across levels and subgroup.   However, this frame of mind does not consider the diversity of American students and their backgrounds. For example, requiring each subgroup to meet the minimum mean proficiency score would ensure that the school would not reach the AYP. Using a single mean proficiency score to measure performance is not a true measure of school improvement nor student performance. Although, NCLB have positive visions, its method of attaining its objectives undermines what it is supposed to do. The law treats each school and each student as a single and uniform entity when our society is composed of different races and backgrounds, not even taking into account the difference between the rich and the poor. Even if the law identified the subgroup of students, it still however assess each group in terms of the single mean proficiency score which is the same as implementing a one size fits all policy. The problem with NCLB is that it asks schools to be assessed against a single mean proficiency score, wherein if a school fails to reach this score, would indicate that the school is not performing as it should be in accordance with federal and state rules. The use of a single mean proficiency score says that each school is treated as equals, however the reality is differences in each school is present. For example, different districts cater to different students and since education have been the purview of the state; they have also different standards on accountability and accreditation. The schools seek to attain the level of performance required by the state and in cases where measures of school performance differ from the NCLB would say that schools are making progress in the state level but is not up to standard in the national level. Students also would be burdened by being pitted against a single score that may or may not be realistically attainable, and if they fail to reach the mark they would have caused the failure of the entire school. Another problem with the NCLB is that by identifying subgroup of students and requiring them to achieve the mean proficiency score puts them in a bind. The subgroups identified by the law in some cases could be an unnecessary repetition of the groups, for example most Blacks and Latinos are economically disadvantaged, and that most of these groups also have lower mean proficiency scores. Thus if a school is composed of many poor students, of different racial groups, of students with limited English proficiency, then this school will surely not reach that mean proficiency score. The NCLB is not friendly to racial groups, economically disadvantaged children, children with disabilities and children with limited English proficiency. It is common knowledge and even supported by statistics that those who are identified as economically disadvantaged are those who belong to a minority racial group. In which case they will be asked to reach the same proficiency score twice, then they will be labeled as under performing and the school as needing improvement. It will compromise what the students have accomplished in a school year, because failing to reach the mark is not equal to no improvement or no learning. As for the parents, they would probably think that NCLB is good for their children as it ensures equality between groups in terms of academic achievement. However, if their state certifies that their children are performing to expectations like in Virginia and California, but the federal government says otherwise would saw confusion and distraught among parents. Schools and districts complain that using a single mean proficiency score to measure performance is not realistic and appropriate. It does not take into consideration that high-poverty schools have students with less academic preparation than those with low-poverty schools. Moreover, by using a system of conjunctive accountability dooms schools from reaching AYP. The short term effects of NCLB on low-income students and of color is that thy will b subjected to more requirements in school or additional interventions that would enable them to reach the desired improvement of scores as well as being pressured to make that mark. The long-term effect is that when they fail to reach AYP and cause the school to lose out on the AYP race, then they will be blamed for it and probably will be faced with angry members of the community. When schools still fail to make the mark and is identified as needs improvement and probably would be given less funding the more the low-income and racial groups become more disadvantaged, instead of closing the academic achievement gap, the NCLB does not even consider what academic achievement is. I think that NCLB was born out of the sincere desire to make sure that our students have the same level of academic proficiency even for math and English only. Whoever drafted the bill however did not have a clear understanding of achievement, intelligence and environmental factors that are part and parcel of learning and education. It is also funny to think that as diverse a population as we have we want to be pitted against a single score when what is more important than the grade or score is actual learning and the evidence of improvement across the years. Thus, as a law that seeks to close the achievement gap between groups of students, the NCLB divides and places the minority groups in a more difficult situation and at a more disadvantaged position.    How to cite Measuring academic proficiency under the NCLB., Essay examples

Process and Docomendation for an Organisational Change Program

Question: Discuss about the process needed and the documentation for programs that can change an organization? Answer: In this assignment we are going to discuss about the process needed and the documentation for programs that can change an organization. In the first half we will discuss about the project variables. Assets can be defined as worth of everything that is developed by a person or an organization. Objective When we initiate a new task we have to always remember that the work we are doing is been fully satisfied at the end. This is the main aim of any project manager. He should always set some mission so that he can always evaluate the success of his work. He should be able to measure the success of project through the way he completes his project. Post implementation review The process by which we can evaluate the aim and mission of a project of an organization and when we achieve them it should match with the budget , time period, quality of the work that is been delivered to the clients. Project Charter It is the written acknowledgement of any particular project that is necessarily needed to be signed by the sponsor. Project Register Each and every data of a project must be recorded in a file which is included in evaluation and success of a project. It tracks the start and end time and also gives keeps us updated of recent work. Resources To complete or perform any work we need some necessary tools that we can use to do it. It also reduces work time and we can do the task easily. Same things is also considered while doing any project as such instruments enhances better quality of work and they can also limit changes in scope and time of work done (project insight, 2015). Risk analysis While doing any project it is very necessary to gain all knowledge about risks ascertained in that particular project. It is also necessary that a project manager must know ways and means to sort them out. Scope It is required to make a note that a project must involve scope of work to finish the task effectively. Stakeholder They are such persons who are associated for some interest and outcome from the project. Such involvement may cause affection towards the project. Project Methodology can be defined as a process which is made to provide a route to develop, implement and organize a project. We can also structure in a way that it is a step by step flow of work that is to be followed. Projects are conducted within a framework of quality management. Such activities are always predefined when we begin any project. Various roles are performed in a project management process. For example we can say that managing all activities of staff is first role of project manager. Finance manager can play a second role in this case. For any project a responsible person must always be liable and we can give project sponsor in the list. It is also a fact that a single person cannot do all type of work, work must be allocated into teams or groups. A stakeholder is any person who will take initiative in the project who may be a supplier, customers, and client as well. Any project must include necessary updates and feedback about a work, it also includes the history of work and new things that is associated. WHS( World Health and Safety) are some regulatory areas that can be used as a part of the project. Ethical principle and codes of practice is also included (Coursera, 2015). Any project includes five stages to complete the task and all projects follow the same method : (project insight, 2015) Initiate In this step we need to start the project by stating the aim of the project and why the project is to be accomplished. It also includes some variables such as budget, scope range and scale of a project. All the processes must also be explained within the workers and team members. These will help in process of taking decisions and add to complete the project. In the end we need to identify the break points which is helpful in measuring the results. Plan Every project must have a order plan to complete the project and the work load must be equally divided. A project manager must possess all the skills that is needed to be done and time cost must be included in the project. Preparation of project plans and defining the goals must be there. It also includes the project charter for each team member. Implement Implementing the activities of the plan is the next step. It includes peoples effective coordination. and therefore executing the plan. This step also involves all the resources needed to complete the task implementation of a plan also involves status reports, issues logs, change requests and project monitoring. Monitor The next step is to monitor the activities and work of the project. This step includes to have a watch on all the processes and project manager evaluates the project success. It also involves checking daily operational work. If any further change is required then it is to be implemented thereof. Close It is the last step which involves checking the success of the project. It includes to bring the project at the end by arranging and communicating or concluding the project. The project needs to be handed over to be prepared in a report format. It is not only the responsibility of the team member, but all the team members must work efficiently to prepare the project. For example a proposal with the project manager can be made by a middle manager. The post implementation review must be conducted by an external person. Project Aims The project manager, before the starting of the project have to ensure that an authoritative person has done sufficient research to understand what will the main objectives of the research, the things that should follow the project and the availability of the team whether they can do it. Project deliverables: It is agreed what should be the project deliverables; the results that should be delivered by the Project have been organized from before. Like for example for a consultancy project the deliverable should be a final product and likewise for an it project the delivered should be hardware or software and for an engineering project, a mobile phone should be the deliverable. Furthermore A building, Bridge or a road should be the result of a construction project (FOX-UNGAR, NEWELL GUILBAULT, 1989). Goals: A companys Goal should be triggered towards achievement of success, Maximization of capital and handling more and more business. A company needs to focus more towards improvement of their goals and probability of success. Moreover a companys aim should be about attracting a bigger market and capturing more and more end users, to provide a better customer service and also improvement of employee training and also take care of the emission of carbon in the environment. Objectives: A goal should always have a specific number of objectives. Objectives should always accompany the goals of a company. For example, Goals Should always be SMART Goals i.e. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, relevant and time bound (Sswm.info, 2015).To provide a better customer service and better quality of food should be the aim of a bread company. Some important factors that should be considered in this aspect are the wrapping of the bread pack, Home delivery for customers and also the sample that should be given to the customer time to time for their usage. Goals should be according to SMART goals as already mentioned, It should be according to the requirement of the manager, It should be Measurable, Something which can be felt but measured such as the satisfaction level of the customers and also the feelings of the customers about the main product. It should be achievable in a ll parts and should not be too high ended that is which is not achievable and finally It should have a time restriction within which the task have to be completed. Key Performance Indicators: The measurable element for a project task is their key performance indicators such as the percentage of computer upgraded and the number of up gradation of computers. Likewise the number of customer served and number of items produced is equally important. The main indication that we get whether the goal is progressing towards the right direction or not is to access the key performance indicators (Whitaker Mancini, 2013). The thing to be discussed now is how to organize a team for the project and what should be the qualities that the members should have. First it is necessary to do a SWOT analysis of the members of the team to gather synergy and know their weakness and strength to minimize their weakness and maximize their strength. An effective team is such a team who can tackle bigger problems and can solve complex issues within seconds. A team can let out a feeling of great positive vibes and that is the actual purpose of the team. A team should be well versed on the resources that should be used and use it religiously and all the team members should be flexible enough to withstand any challenges in front of them. The project management cycle should be processed by a number of tools and key documents such as skills matrix, project initiation document, project charter and scoping document. Some sub plans should be made before the initiation of the project. These sub plans should be as follows: Communication plan Gantt chart Work break down structure Risk management plan Work break down structure should be used in the project planning for three main reasons: A scope of a project should be more specifically and accurately defined and organize with the help of work break down structure. Work break down structure should also be used resource allocation, assigning responsibilities, controlling the project and finally monitoring the project. The stakeholder is involved in the process with whom all the deliverable specification is double checked to see whether anything is missing or overlapping or not. Inputs to the WBS process: Approved change request Project statement process Organizational process assets Project scope management plan Herein I shall discuss some tools that is required in the process of work break down structure Project deliverables list The project team who will organize the team Work down structure templates The project name Decomposition (deliverables are broken down into smaller parts to do the work more easily) The project closure phase should be discussed now. It contains three phases which are Project handover report Project implementation review Project completion report The project life cycle ends with the project closure phase When the end product is accepted by the client and all the project objectives are completed that marks the end of the project closure phase. Project handover: Whether or not a project is completed is checked by the project manager. The requirements which were specified before the starting of the project should match the final product that is delivered and moreover the project should be handed over to the client and should be accepted by the client on the basis of the above requirements. Project completion report: The project report review presents such documents such as what was good about the project and what could have been better. A strong team building and a responsible project manager is required for the completion of the project. In the processing of the project a project manager plays a vital role. As for example before the starting of the project he needs to do a lot of preparation, such as mentioning the probability of risks in the future and also the sub plans that is required in the project. However, he needs to build a strong team and divide the work load equally among all the team members. The five types of processing of the project should be looked after like how to monitor all activities and also do some starting activities The changes that appear during the time of the project completion should be looked after with utmost care to avoid any problems later on. Conclusion: I would like to conclude by saying that all the resources that are required for the completion of the project should be available at the site and also the risks that come in the project should be accessed from before to avoid any kind of project delay. References Coursera, (2015).Coursera - Free Online Courses From Top Universities. [online] Available at: https://www.coursera.org/course/basicprojmanage [Accessed 12 Feb. 2015]. Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Jones, O., Conway, S. and Steward, F. (2001).Social interaction and organisational change. London: ICP. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Mindtools.com, (2015).Project Management Skills. [online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_PPM.htm [Accessed 12 Feb. 2015]. project insight, (2015).project management. [online] Available at: https://www.projectinsight.net/project-management.../basic-project-management. [Accessed 12 Feb. 2015]. SUKOVIC, S. (2011). Strategically creative: A case of the library planning process.Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change, 8(3), pp.261-279. (2015). Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_02.pdf FOX-UNGAR, E., NEWELL, G., GUILBAULT, K. (1989). Documentation: Communicating Professionalism. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 20(1), 6571. doi:10.1097/00006247-198901000-00017 Sswm.info,. (2015). Process Documentation | SSWM. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://www.sswm.info/content/process-documentation Whitaker, J., Mancini, R. (2013). Technical documentation and process. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Seven Most Important Step In Selling. (1) Precall Preparation, (2) Pre

Seven most important step in selling. (1) Precall Preparation, (2) Preapproch, (3) approach,(4) Presentation, (5) managing resistance, (6) closing the sale, and (7) postsale activities First step call Precall Preparation. At this stage salespeople should prepare themselves Physically, Mentally, and Emotionally. They should develop positive sales image, self-esteem, self-worth, and self confidence. In addition they must gather information on competitor and the understand as much as possible about the customers they serve. Second step is the PREAPPROACH . It involves determining suitable prospects and planing strategy. At this stage he or she should start planing and maps out the strategies that they will use to satisfy the prospect's need. Third step is APPROCH. At this stage they should establish positive contact with the potential buyer. Their primary concerns should be opening the sales interview appropriately, getting the prospect interest, building mutual respect and trust, Forth step is PRESENTATION. At this stage salesperson should discuss the product with customers. Fifth step is MANAGING RESISTANCE. At this stage they should learn to negotiating solutions and providing seller with feedback. They must always be ready to negotiate a win- win solution, which means learning to manage resistance. Sixth step is CLOSING THE SALE. At this stage recognizing buying signals, inserting trial closes, and asking for the order are the main functions of the closing step. Seventh step is POSTSALE ACTIVITIES. This is final stage of the personal selling process. After the sale activities is as important as during sale. Activities such as sending thank you note, making sure that the customer receives prompt delivery and excellent service, and making call back schedule all help to facilitate a long-term relationship in business.

Why Do They Give an Essay Test?

Why Do They Give an Essay Test?If you have not been involved in a college admissions test or interview, then you are probably asking yourself why do they give an essay test. After all, this is not the kind of thing that you would normally have to take. However, as you look back over your student years, you will likely remember that you did have to take this kind of essay.They will always ask you to do this because they do not want anyone else from your school showing up on the list for top colleges. You would also be amazed at how many schools have several students that graduated with good grades, but they were not accepted. This is because they did not make the cut.There are different reasons why they will ask you to write this type of essay. You could possibly write it if you have never written one before. You could write it if you are not very good at doing this type of essay. You could also do it because you have taken high school statistics and want to know what colleges are int erested in applying to.Either way, it is important that you go through your course work first to find out what kind of essay you need to do to earn admission. To help you in this process, you should take a little time to look at an essay test sample and see what is required. You do not want to waste time writing a paper that will not earn you acceptance into your top-choice school.The main reason that schools choose to do an interview essay is so that they can see who you are as a person. Of course, they are looking for someone who is going to be a good fit for the college and who is going to be able to fit in with the other students in the class. Therefore, you want to be certain that you are addressing any gaps in your resume that you may have that show that you are capable of being in the top school. You will also want to make sure that you are writing about something that will give you some insight on your ability to get along with others and have success with that situation. Yo u do not want to do something that might make people not like you or that will be embarrassing for you. In fact, you may find that you will have some people who do not agree with what you are saying.If you do not have a lot of experience writing essays, then it is probably best to take this essay test and see what is expected of you. You may not know it, but you may be surprised by what is asked of you. It can be better than just giving an essay and hoping for the best.After reading through an essay test sample, you will be better able to find out what you are required to do to be successful. You will be prepared to write an essay that will allow you to meet the expectations of your admissions committee. Even if you do not have a long essay, you should still use this essay test.

Buy It or Review It (Or Preferably Both)

Buy It or Review It (Or Preferably Both) I believe Ill touch a nerve here, which is sometimes fun. But most of the time, it means a controversial topic that wakes people up.and makes people make excuses for what they thought was righteous behavior. Well see. Not long ago, I wrote a piece about paying writers properly. I posted this abbreviated version on Facebook: If you are a writer, ask to be paid for your work. If you are asking a writer to appear, pay them. If you read a book, pay for it. If you accept a free book, post a review. Anything else is eroding the careers of writers everywhere. A lot of people got on board with rants about not getting reviews after giving away so many books. We all get that. I give away 100 books the first few weeks of a new release, and barely half of the recipients initially keep their promise to review. Its difficult to add a book to your busy schedule. But its wrong to agree to review then not do so. It amazed me the ones who DID review, and pained me seeing the ones who DID NOT. However, few got my point, that as writers, we tend to cannibalize our own. When we act as readers, do we review every book we read? As badly as we crave reviews, are we loyal to other writers in Doing Unto Them as Wed Like to Be Done To? It really boils down to this: When you obtain a book, you have two choices: You pay for it or you review it. If you can find the time to spend hours reading the thing, you can take three to five minutes to review it. What about all those souls giving away free books? Personally, I only take a free book if I intend to read it as a reviewer. And frankly, I prefer to pay for my books. Why? Because I prefer people pay for mine. I refuse to download a free one, much preferring to at least pay $1.99 or more. Its a principle of mine. Yes, I give away a few books with the clear message that they are review copies. And against the advice of others, I even follow up with those readers. The system goes like this: 1) I ask for reviewers for a book on social media or in my newsletters 2) I make a list and determine how many books to send out 3) I send the books 4) I wait a month then email/mail postcard asking if they received the book no mention of a review 3) I wait another month then email/mail a postcard asking if they enjoyed the book no mention of a review Thats it. No harassment. You have a list of names who reviewed your work. You love these people. You dont mind asking them to review again in the future. You know they will follow through. And you also know those who have not reviewedand to not ask again.